21.26 A student conducting undergraduate research is studying an enzyme in the laboratory. She begins an experiment in which the initial concentration of substrate is low. If she then increases the amount of substrate while keeping the amount of enzyme constant, what is the predicted impact on the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction? a. The rate will increase exponentially for as long as more substrate is being added. b. The rate will increase rapidly at first and then gradually level off at a constant high rate. c. The rate will remain constant since the amount of enzyme is being held constant. d. The rate will decrease at first and then level off at a lower rate due to competitive inhibition. e. The rate will decrease at first and then increase back to the original rate.
21.26 A student conducting undergraduate research is studying an enzyme in the laboratory. She begins an experiment in which the initial concentration of substrate is low. If she then increases the amount of substrate while keeping the amount of enzyme constant, what is the predicted impact on the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction? a. The rate will increase exponentially for as long as more substrate is being added. b. The rate will increase rapidly at first and then gradually level off at a constant high rate. c. The rate will remain constant since the amount of enzyme is being held constant. d. The rate will decrease at first and then level off at a lower rate due to competitive inhibition. e. The rate will decrease at first and then increase back to the original rate.
Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions**
**Overview: Enzyme-Substrate Interaction**
In this study, an undergraduate researcher is analyzing enzyme activity in a laboratory setting. The experiment starts with a low initial concentration of substrate. The researcher then increases the substrate amount while keeping the enzyme concentration constant. The objective is to determine the predicted impact on the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
**Multiple Choice Analysis**
**Question:** What is the predicted impact on the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction when the substrate concentration is increased while the enzyme concentration remains constant?
a. The rate will increase exponentially for as long as more substrate is being added.
b. The rate will increase rapidly at first and then gradually level off at a constant high rate.
c. The rate will remain constant since the amount of enzyme is being held constant.
d. The rate will decrease at first and then level off at a lower rate due to competitive inhibition.
e. The rate will decrease at first and then increase back to the original rate.
**Explanation:**
- **Option (a)** suggests a continuous exponential increase, which might not be realistic as enzyme saturation can occur.
- **Option (b)** represents a typical enzyme reaction where the rate increases rapidly and then levels off as the enzyme becomes saturated with substrate (Michaelis-Menten kinetics).
- **Option (c)** indicates no change in the reaction rate, which ignores the initial rapid increase as substrate concentration rises.
- **Option (d)** introduces competitive inhibition, which is not implied in the scenario unless additional competitive substances are present.
- **Option (e)** describes a non-standard reaction pattern, not typical under constant enzyme conditions.
**Graphical Representation (Not included):**
A typical graph illustrating this concept would show reaction rate on the y-axis and substrate concentration on the x-axis, forming a curve that rises steeply before plateauing, demonstrating enzyme saturation.
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