Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![**Chemical Quantities at STP**
In gas chemistry, standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions greatly simplify volume-to-mole conversions. At STP, the molar volume of a gas is 22.4 liters per mole. This relationship holds true for any ideal gas.
### Example Calculation:
For sulfur dioxide (\(SO_2\)), you can determine the volume it occupies at STP if you know the amount in moles. Use the conversion factor:
\[ \text{22.4 L } SO_2 \text{ per mole} \]
**Given:** 0.60 mol \(SO_2\)
To find the volume:
\[ 0.60 \text{ mol } SO_2 \times \frac{22.4 \text{ L } SO_2}{1 \text{ mol } SO_2} = 13 \text{ L } SO_2 \]
This calculates the volume of \(SO_2\) gas as 13 liters.
### Practice Problem:
**21. At STP, how many moles are in these volumes of gases?**
a. 67.2 L \(SO_2\)
b. 0.880 L He
c. \(1.00 \times 10^3\) L \(C_2H_6\)
*Hint:* In Problem 21, convert from volume of gas to moles using the molar volume relationship: 22.4 liters = 1 mole.
These types of problems are fundamental in understanding gas behavior under standard conditions and are essential for precise chemical calculations.
**Published on: Chemical Quantities, Page 321**](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff7aa5af1-2a35-472e-8b2d-417946056edd%2F9b3e7dff-f324-42c8-aafd-6620f3547f83%2Fh0g02a9_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
