21. A laser beam is incident on the center of the end face of a cylindrical rod of material as shown in the sketch. The refractive index of the rod is √3=1.732. How many internal reflections does the laser beam experience 60⁰ before it exits the rod? ( 50 cm n = √3 30 cm
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![21. A laser beam is incident on the center of
the end face of a cylindrical rod of material
as shown in the sketch. The refractive index
of the rod is √3=1.732. How many internal
reflections does the laser beam experience
before it exits the rod? (
60°
50 cm
n = √3
30 cm](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9350ef04-4b4c-4f8a-b8d7-1dc23ab58cf4%2F3313abeb-eb93-4987-89f3-387d59e6509c%2Fccy802n_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- The figure shows an optical fiber in which a central plastic core of index of refraction n1 = 1.60 is surrounded by a plastic sheath of index of refraction n2 = 1.52. Light can travel along different paths within the central core, leading to different travel times through the fiber. This causes an initially short pulse of light to spread as it travels along the fiber, resulting in information loss. Consider light that travels directly along the central axis of the fiber and light that is repeatedly reflected at the critical angle along the core-sheath interface, reflecting from side to side as it travels down the central core. If the fiber length is 370 m, what is the difference in the travel times along these two routes? NUmber i 99 Units nsOne technique for measuring the angle of a prism is shown in Figure P22.51. A parallel beam of light isdirected onto the apex of the prism so that the beam reflects from opposite faces of the prism. Show that the angular separation of the two reflected beams is given by B=2A.Using filters, a physicist has created a beam of light that consists of three wavelengths: 400 nm (violet), 500 nm (green), and 650 nm (red). He aims the beam so that it passes through air and then enters a block of crown glass. The beam enters the glass at an incidence angle of 0, = 43.8°. The glass block has the following indices of refraction for the respective wavelengths in the light beam. wavelength (nm) 400 500 650 index of refraction n 400 nm = 1.53 n 500 nr = 1.52 n650 nm = 1.51 (a) Upon entering the glass, are all three wavelengths refracted equally, or is one bent more than the others? 400 nm light is bent the most 500 nm light is bent the most 650 nm light is bent the most all colors are refracted alike (b) What are the respective angles of refraction (in degrees) for the three wavelengths? (Enter each value to at least two decimal places.) (i) O400 nm (ii) O500 nm (iii) O650 n O nm
- A beaker with a mirrored bottom is filled with a liquid whose index of refraction is nliq = 2.37. A light ray from air strikes the top surface of the liquid at an incident angle θin = 72.9° from the normal line to the liquid surface, as shown in the figure. What is the refraction angleθ1 of the light ray as it enters the liquid (in degrees; remember to use the scientific notation of numbers)?14. The figure shows a ray of light that passes from the white material A (with index of refraction nA = 1.1) into the grey material B. (a) In which material does the light travel faster? A) Material A B) Material B (b) What is the index of refraction of material B? 30° 60° A 70° B 20°The refractive index of a transparent material can be determined by measuring the critical angle when the solid is in air. If 0c = 20° what is the index of refraction of the material? с Units no units required The index of refraction, n = What will be the critical angle when the same material is immersed in a medium with the index of refraction 1.17? The critical angle, 0c = Units deg