21. A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of fever and progressive shortness of breath. He also has a history of cough productive ofyellow sputum that has recently become thick and green. He has smoked 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 40 years. His temperature is 40°C (104°F), and respirations are22/min. Physical examination shows decreased breath sounds. A chest x-ray shows right lower lobe infiltrates surrounding a 3-cm, rounded lesion containing an air-fluid level.Which of the following immune cell activities most likely predominates in the center of this lesion?A) B-lymphocyte antibody productionB) Macrophage free-radical generationC) Natural killer cell-mediated killingD) Segmented neutrophil acid hydrolase activationE) T-lymphocyte perforin synthesisW

In this clinical situation, a 70-year-old man presents with indications suggestive of a respiratory…

Answered: 21. A 70-year-old man is brought to the…

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1. A previously healthy 25-year-old-woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of fever, chest pain, and rapidly progressive shortness of breath. Use of an over-the-counter cold medication has not relieved her symptoms. She has no history of serious illness and takes no other medications. Her temperature is 40oC (104o F), pulse is 128/min and regular, respirations are 28/min and blood pressure is 80/54 mm Hg. Physical examination shows jugular venous distention and weak pulses in all extremities. Auscultation of the chest shows diffuse crackles bilaterally, muffled heart sounds, and a soft S2 gallop. After 30 minutes she goes into ventricular fibrillation and cannot be resuscitated. At autopsy, the heart is diffusely pale and floppy with focal petechiae, all chambers are markedly dilated.Histologic examination of cardiac tissue shows a lymphocytic infiltrate and myocardial necrosis. Which of the following infectious agents is the most likely cause these…
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Mrs blaze a 68 years old female visit her primary care provider office she has not been feeling well. Mrs blaze tells the nurse that she has been experiencing regular episodes of shortness of breath and fatigue for the last 2 weeks she does not have fever or productive cough. Upon assessment the client states that she has been smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 40 years. 1 explain the normal age related changes that are occurring in Mrs blaze respiratory system. 2. Explain the normal process of inspiration and expiration. 3. Describe the physiological process that is occurring when Mrs blaze becomes short of breath.
Case # 1 Mrs. G, a 62-year-old female, was seen in the emergency department for complaints of increasing shortness of breath. Mrs. G states that seven years ago her family physician told her she had emphysema. At home she is on oxygen via nasal cannula at 1 lpm, and a small volume nebulizer with albuterol sulfate four times a day. Her vital signs are as follows: HR 108/minute, RR 28/minute, BP 142/80 mmHg. She's on a 24% venturi mask. Mrs. G's ABG results indicate partially compensated respiratory acidosis moderate hypoxemia with a base excess of +5. Part 1: PAO2 (oxygen partial pressure inside the alveoli) is 88.82 mmHg Part 2: Her actual A-a gradient is 38.62 mmHg.(Say normal for her 19.5) Part 3: Her actual dead space to tidal volume ratio is 0.52 (Say normal range: 0.25 to 0.40) What is clinically happening to the patient?

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