20.3 (0) A firm uses labor and machines to produce output according tothe production function f(L, M) = 4L/2 M/2, where L is the number ofunits of labor used and M is the number of machines. The cost of laboris $40 per unit and the cost of using a machine is $10.(a) On the graph below, draw an isocost line for this firm, showing com-binations of machines and labor that cost $400 and another isocost lineshowing combinations that cost $200. What is the slope of these isocostlines?.(b) Suppose that the firm wants to produce its output in the cheapestpossible way. Find the number of machines it would use per worker.(Hint: The firm will produce at a point where the slope of the productionisoquant equals the slope of the isocost line.)(c) On the graph, sketch the production isoquant corresponding to anoutput of 40. Calculate the amount of laborand the numberthat are used to produce 40 units of output in thecheapest possible way, given the above factor prices. Calculate the costof machinesof producing 40 units at these factor prices: c(40, 10, 40) =.(d) How many units of laborwould the firm use to produce y units in the cheapest possible way? Howand how many machinesmuch would this cost?(Hint: Notice that there are constantreturns to scale.)Machines40301010203040Labor20

In economics, a utility function is a mathematical representation of an individual's satisfaction or…

20.3 (0) A firm uses labor and machines to produce output according to the production function f(L, M) = 4L?/2 M/2 , where L is the number of units of labor used and M is the number of machines. The cost of labor is $40 per unit and the cost of using a machine is $10.

20.3 (0) A firm uses labor and machines to produce output according to the production function f(L, M) = 4L?/2 M/2 , where L is the number of units of labor used and M is the number of machines. The cost of labor is $40 per unit and the cost of using a machine is $10.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

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ISBN:9780190931919

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Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Concept explainers

Isocost and Isoprofit Curve Analysis

An isocost curve in the production theory that is a crucial part of economics depicts different combinations of factor inputs at a given market cost. In other words, this shows all the combinations of production factors that cost the same for the firm to employ. Usually, this can be depicted as a downward sloping straight line when the firms act as the price-takers in the factor markets. The slope of this mainly depicts the relative prices of different production factors.

Question

20.3 (0) A firm uses labor and machines to produce output according to
the production function f(L, M) = 4L/2 M/2, where L is the number of
units of labor used and M is the number of machines. The cost of labor
is $40 per unit and the cost of using a machine is $10.
(a) On the graph below, draw an isocost line for this firm, showing com-
binations of machines and labor that cost $400 and another isocost line
showing combinations that cost $200. What is the slope of these isocost
lines?.
(b) Suppose that the firm wants to produce its output in the cheapest
possible way. Find the number of machines it would use per worker.
(Hint: The firm will produce at a point where the slope of the production
isoquant equals the slope of the isocost line.)
(c) On the graph, sketch the production isoquant corresponding to an
output of 40. Calculate the amount of labor
and the number
that are used to produce 40 units of output in the
cheapest possible way, given the above factor prices. Calculate the cost
of machines
of producing 40 units at these factor prices: c(40, 10, 40) =.
(d) How many units of labor
would the firm use to produce y units in the cheapest possible way? How
and how many machines
much would this cost?
(Hint: Notice that there are constant
returns to scale.)
Machines
40
30
10
10
20
30
40
Labor
20

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