20. Solid-state chemical sensors are manufactured using semiconductors such as Si and Ge. Doping enhances the conductivity of Si. Which is NOT true for doping of silicon? a. Doping replaces some of the silicon atoms with atoms of different elements. b. Doping silicon with phosphorous enhances the conductivity of silicon by providing an extra conduction electron that is free to move through the crystal. c. Doping silicon with aluminum enhances the conductivity of silicon by creating a vacancy in the crystal called a hole, which behaves as a negative charge carrier. d. n-Type silicon has excess conduction electrons. e. p-Type silicon has excess holes. 21. When using ion-selective electrodes, to compensate for a complex or unknown matrix, the method can be used to determine the analyte concentration. a. calibration curve b. standard addition c. standardization d. least-squares analysis 22. Which potential error associated with a pH measurement is incorrectly defined? a. Junction potential drift-AgCl or Ag precipitates from solution in the porous plug due to dilution of the KCl or the presence of reducing agents. b. Sodium error-The electrode responds to Na* instead of H* when [Na"] is low and [H*] is high. c. Acid error-In strong acid, the measured pH is higher than the actual pH because the glass is saturated with H* and cannot be further protonated. d. Temperature-The pH meter is calibrated at a different temperature than that at which the measurement is made. e. Equilibration time-The electrode is not given sufficient time to equilibrate with the solution.
20. Solid-state chemical sensors are manufactured using semiconductors such as Si and Ge. Doping enhances the conductivity of Si. Which is NOT true for doping of silicon? a. Doping replaces some of the silicon atoms with atoms of different elements. b. Doping silicon with phosphorous enhances the conductivity of silicon by providing an extra conduction electron that is free to move through the crystal. c. Doping silicon with aluminum enhances the conductivity of silicon by creating a vacancy in the crystal called a hole, which behaves as a negative charge carrier. d. n-Type silicon has excess conduction electrons. e. p-Type silicon has excess holes. 21. When using ion-selective electrodes, to compensate for a complex or unknown matrix, the method can be used to determine the analyte concentration. a. calibration curve b. standard addition c. standardization d. least-squares analysis 22. Which potential error associated with a pH measurement is incorrectly defined? a. Junction potential drift-AgCl or Ag precipitates from solution in the porous plug due to dilution of the KCl or the presence of reducing agents. b. Sodium error-The electrode responds to Na* instead of H* when [Na"] is low and [H*] is high. c. Acid error-In strong acid, the measured pH is higher than the actual pH because the glass is saturated with H* and cannot be further protonated. d. Temperature-The pH meter is calibrated at a different temperature than that at which the measurement is made. e. Equilibration time-The electrode is not given sufficient time to equilibrate with the solution.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![20. Solid-state chemical sensors are manufactured using semiconductors such as Si and Ge.
Doping enhances the conductivity of Si. Which is NOT true for doping of silicon?
a. Doping replaces some of the silicon atoms with atoms of different elements.
b. Doping silicon with phosphorous enhances the conductivity of silicon by providing an
extra conduction electron that is free to move through the crystal.
c. Doping silicon with aluminum enhances the conductivity of silicon by creating a
vacancy in the crystal called a hole, which behaves as a negative charge carrier.
d. n-Type silicon has excess conduction electrons.
e. p-Type silicon has excess holes.
21. When using ion-selective electrodes, to compensate for a complex or unknown matrix,
the
method can be used to determine the analyte concentration.
a. calibration curve
b. standard addition
c. standardization
d. least-squares analysis
22. Which potential error associated with a pH measurement is incorrectly defined?
a. Junction potential drift-AgCl or Ag precipitates from solution in the porous plug due
to dilution of the KCl or the presence of reducing agents.
b. Sodium error-The electrode responds to Na instead of H* when [Na"] is low and
[H*] is high.
c. Acid error-In strong acid, the measured pH is higher than the actual pH because the
glass is saturated with H* and cannot be further protonated.
d. Temperature-The pH meter is calibrated at a different temperature than that at which
the measurement is made.
e. Equilibration time-The electrode is not given sufficient time to equilibrate with the
solution.
23. An electrode has a potential of -0.335 V with respect to a saturated calomel electrode
(S.C.E.). What is the potential with respect to a saturated silver-silver chloride electrode
(Ag|AgCl)? E(saturated KCI) = 0.197 V for the Ag|AgCl electrode and E(saturated KCI)
= 0.241 V for the S.C.E.
a. -0.291 V
b. 0.291 V
c. 0.532 V
d. -0.532 V
e. 0.044 V](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fda9b90bd-c8d1-4f63-92f3-2ae9269afa6f%2Fe3ba908e-0094-44ad-b436-570f2bdfe036%2Fveyyot_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:20. Solid-state chemical sensors are manufactured using semiconductors such as Si and Ge.
Doping enhances the conductivity of Si. Which is NOT true for doping of silicon?
a. Doping replaces some of the silicon atoms with atoms of different elements.
b. Doping silicon with phosphorous enhances the conductivity of silicon by providing an
extra conduction electron that is free to move through the crystal.
c. Doping silicon with aluminum enhances the conductivity of silicon by creating a
vacancy in the crystal called a hole, which behaves as a negative charge carrier.
d. n-Type silicon has excess conduction electrons.
e. p-Type silicon has excess holes.
21. When using ion-selective electrodes, to compensate for a complex or unknown matrix,
the
method can be used to determine the analyte concentration.
a. calibration curve
b. standard addition
c. standardization
d. least-squares analysis
22. Which potential error associated with a pH measurement is incorrectly defined?
a. Junction potential drift-AgCl or Ag precipitates from solution in the porous plug due
to dilution of the KCl or the presence of reducing agents.
b. Sodium error-The electrode responds to Na instead of H* when [Na"] is low and
[H*] is high.
c. Acid error-In strong acid, the measured pH is higher than the actual pH because the
glass is saturated with H* and cannot be further protonated.
d. Temperature-The pH meter is calibrated at a different temperature than that at which
the measurement is made.
e. Equilibration time-The electrode is not given sufficient time to equilibrate with the
solution.
23. An electrode has a potential of -0.335 V with respect to a saturated calomel electrode
(S.C.E.). What is the potential with respect to a saturated silver-silver chloride electrode
(Ag|AgCl)? E(saturated KCI) = 0.197 V for the Ag|AgCl electrode and E(saturated KCI)
= 0.241 V for the S.C.E.
a. -0.291 V
b. 0.291 V
c. 0.532 V
d. -0.532 V
e. 0.044 V
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