Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
- 20 L of a gas at 303K and 1.00 atm was heated to 498Kwith a final pressure of 1.50 atm. What is the final volume of the gas?
For the ideal gas, the temperature pressure and the volume are related by the ideal gas equation. The ideal gas equation is given by:
For the change in the state of the ideal gas, we can write the above equation as follows:
Here P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas.
Here P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas.
Dividing the above equation, we get:
By rearranging the above equation, we get:
The initial volume of gas = 20 L
The initial temperature of gas = 303 K
The initial pressure of gas = 1.00 atm
The final volume of gas =?
Thefinal temperature of gas =498 K
The final pressure of gas = 1.50 atm
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