2.3-7 A steel bar 2.4 m long has a circular cross section of diameter d, = 20 mm over one-half of its length and diam- eter d, = 12 mm over the other half (sce figure part a). The modulus of elasticity is E = 205 GPa. (a) How much will the bar elongate under a tensile load P = 22 kN? (b) If the same volume of material is made into a bar of constant diameter d and length 2.4 m, what will be the clongation under the same load P? (c) If the uniform axial centroidal load q = 18.33 kN/m is applied to the left over segment 1 (sce figure part b), find the ratio of the total elongation of the bar to that in parts (a) and (b). Įd1 = 20 mm Įd2 = 12 mm %3D P= 22 kN 1.2 m- -1.2 m (a) q = 18.33 kN/m [d1 = 20 mm |d2 = 12 mm P = 22 kN 1.2 m (b)

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.