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2.1 H₂O, polar Bond dipoles 3.5 2.1 Overall dipole moment

2.1 H₂O, polar Bond dipoles 3.5 2.1 Overall dipole moment

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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How do i calculate the overall dipole moment?

### Understanding the Polarity of Water (H₂O) **Molecular Geometry and Polarity** The diagram illustrates the molecular structure and polarity of water (H₂O). Water is a polar molecule due to its molecular shape and the electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. **Structure Description:** - **Central Oxygen Atom:** - Represented by a red sphere. - **Hydrogen Atoms:** - Represented by two white spheres connected to the oxygen atom. **Numerical Values:** - The electronegativity values are shown as follows: - Oxygen to Hydrogen bonds each have a value of 2.1. **Bond Dipoles:** - **Bond Dipole Arrows:** - Illustrated by arrows pointing from the hydrogen atoms towards the oxygen atom. - These arrows indicate the direction of the bond dipole, which occurs because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. **Overall Dipole Moment:** - The overall dipole moment of the molecule is depicted by a larger arrow pointing upwards from the oxygen, labeled with the value 3.5. This suggests that the water molecule has a net dipole moment, contributing to its polarity. **Conclusion:** - Due to the asymmetric shape and the differing electronegativities between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, water has a strong overall dipole moment, making it a polar molecule. This polarity leads to water's unique properties, such as its ability to dissolve many substances.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Polarity of Water (H₂O) **Molecular Geometry and Polarity** The diagram illustrates the molecular structure and polarity of water (H₂O). Water is a polar molecule due to its molecular shape and the electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. **Structure Description:** - **Central Oxygen Atom:** - Represented by a red sphere. - **Hydrogen Atoms:** - Represented by two white spheres connected to the oxygen atom. **Numerical Values:** - The electronegativity values are shown as follows: - Oxygen to Hydrogen bonds each have a value of 2.1. **Bond Dipoles:** - **Bond Dipole Arrows:** - Illustrated by arrows pointing from the hydrogen atoms towards the oxygen atom. - These arrows indicate the direction of the bond dipole, which occurs because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. **Overall Dipole Moment:** - The overall dipole moment of the molecule is depicted by a larger arrow pointing upwards from the oxygen, labeled with the value 3.5. This suggests that the water molecule has a net dipole moment, contributing to its polarity. **Conclusion:** - Due to the asymmetric shape and the differing electronegativities between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, water has a strong overall dipole moment, making it a polar molecule. This polarity leads to water's unique properties, such as its ability to dissolve many substances.
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