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- Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and duringthis process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost. (i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics,the change in which type of energy is negligible? (ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle. (iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.We give: AB: adiabatic trigger such as VB = 2 VA AC: isothermal compression PA =1bar=105 Pa , VA = 10^-2 m3 Gas temperature at point A: TA= 300 Kelvin Perfect gas constant: R = 8,31 J.mol-1.K-1 Molar thermal capacity at constant pressure:Cp = 29 J.mol-1.K-1 Calorific capacity ratio of this gas: Cp/Cv = 1,40 4 – Calculate the amount of QBC heat and WBC work received by the system for the transformation that changes the system from state B to state C.5 – a – Why is the UCA internal energy variation of the gas zero during the CA transformation? b – Apply the first principle to the ABCA cycle and deduce the WAB work received by the gas during theadiabatic relaxation AB.c – Interpret the WAB sign.Q2. The following particulars relate to a two row velocity compounded impulse wheel which forms a first stage of a combination turbine. Steam velocity at nozzle outlet = 579.12m/s Mean blade velocity = 115.82m/s Nozzle outlet angle = 16° Outlet angle first row of moving blades = 18° Outlet angle fixed guide blades = 22° Outlet angle, second row of moving blades = 36° Steam flow rate = 2.4 kg/s The ratio of the relative velocity at outlet to that at inlet is 0.84 for all blades. Determine for each row of moving blades the following ⚫ The velocity of whirl • The tangential thrust on blades • The axial thrust on the blades • The power developed What is the efficiency of the wheel as a whole?
- A rocket motor with chamber pressure and temperature of 2.04 MPa, 2200 K, operates at sea level where pressure is 0.1 MPa. Find thrust produced and specific impulse for propellant consumption of 1.0 kg/s. Take cp = 1500 J/kg K, k = 1.3, g = 9.807 and R = 346 J/kg K. Find also thrust when the pressure inside the nozzle is 50% of initialA rocket motor with chamber pressure and temperature of 2.04 MPa, 2200 K, operates at sea level where pressure is 0.1 MPa. Find thrust produced and specific impulse for propellant consumption of 1.0 kg/s. Take c, = 1500 J/kg K, y = 1.3, g = 9.807 m/sec² and R = 346 J/kg K. Find also thrust when the pressure inside the nozzle is 50% of initial.The compressed air network of a foundry with a volume V = 30 m³ is filled by a compressor in 47 = 30 min. Therefore the state of the air changes from pi = 0.15 MPa, t₁ = 25 °C to p2 = 1.0 MPa at constant temperature. a) Which mass of air Am is fed into the compressed air network? b) Which air volume flow Vo in the intake state of the compressor (po = 1000 hPa, to = 10 °C) is required for filling? The air mass flow required for a pneumatic hammer is subsequently provided in state 3 from the compressed air network. The pressure is throttled adiabatically to p3= 0.5 MPa, the air volume flow is V3 = 1.4 m³/min. c) What is the air mass flow m required by the hammer? d) What power P34 does the adabatic pneumatic hammer deliver, if a temperature t4 15 °C is measured at the air outlet?
- A fan manufacturer rates his fans at 152 mm water gage static pressure for 10 m² of air per second at 21°C, 1,200 rpm and static efficiency of 69%. At what speed, in RPM, would these fans operate to develop 130 mm water gage when the temperature is 316°C?1. Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(v) Calculate the pressure of the air as it leaves the nozzle.1. Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(iv) Determine the temperature of the air as it leaves the nozzle.
- Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine. (i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics, the change in which type of energy is negligible?Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost. Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle.Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287 J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). a) A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and during this process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.Figure Q1.a: Schematic of a Jet engine.(iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.