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2. The analog signal shown in the following figure is to be delta modulated. The sampling period and the step size are indicated by the grid on the figure. Draw the staircase function that follows the signal as closely as possible and write down the delta modulation output.

2. The analog signal shown in the following figure is to be delta modulated. The sampling period and the step size are indicated by the grid on the figure. Draw the staircase function that follows the signal as closely as possible and write down the delta modulation output.

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Exercise Overview: Delta Modulation of an Analog Signal** **Task Description:** The analog signal shown in the figure is to undergo delta modulation. The grid on the figure indicates both the sampling period and the step size. Your task is to draw the staircase function that closely follows the signal and to determine the delta modulation output. **Graph Explanation:** - **Graph Characteristics:** - The graph displays a smooth sinusoidal wave with peaks and troughs, representing the analog signal. - The background grid is composed of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines, forming squares. These lines help to define the step size and sampling period. - **Delta Modulation Process:** - The goal is to approximate the analog signal with a staircase function. - At each sampling period (defined by the grid spacing on the x-axis), decide whether the staircase should increment or decrement by one step (defined by the grid spacing on the y-axis) to closely follow the analog signal. **Steps to Delta Modulate:** 1. **Start at the Initial Point:** - Begin with the initial amplitude of the analog signal. 2. **Sampling and Decision Making:** - For each grid intersection along the time (x-axis), compare the signal value to the current staircase level. - If the signal is higher, increase the staircase by one step. If lower, decrease it by one step. 3. **Staircase Function Creation:** - Draw the resulting staircase on the graph, noting the points where changes are made. 4. **Output the Delta Modulation:** - Record the changes as a binary sequence (1 for an upward step, 0 for a downward step). By completing these steps, you will effectively delta modulate the given analog signal, representing it through a series of discrete steps while capturing its general shape and changes over time.
Transcribed Image Text:**Exercise Overview: Delta Modulation of an Analog Signal** **Task Description:** The analog signal shown in the figure is to undergo delta modulation. The grid on the figure indicates both the sampling period and the step size. Your task is to draw the staircase function that closely follows the signal and to determine the delta modulation output. **Graph Explanation:** - **Graph Characteristics:** - The graph displays a smooth sinusoidal wave with peaks and troughs, representing the analog signal. - The background grid is composed of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines, forming squares. These lines help to define the step size and sampling period. - **Delta Modulation Process:** - The goal is to approximate the analog signal with a staircase function. - At each sampling period (defined by the grid spacing on the x-axis), decide whether the staircase should increment or decrement by one step (defined by the grid spacing on the y-axis) to closely follow the analog signal. **Steps to Delta Modulate:** 1. **Start at the Initial Point:** - Begin with the initial amplitude of the analog signal. 2. **Sampling and Decision Making:** - For each grid intersection along the time (x-axis), compare the signal value to the current staircase level. - If the signal is higher, increase the staircase by one step. If lower, decrease it by one step. 3. **Staircase Function Creation:** - Draw the resulting staircase on the graph, noting the points where changes are made. 4. **Output the Delta Modulation:** - Record the changes as a binary sequence (1 for an upward step, 0 for a downward step). By completing these steps, you will effectively delta modulate the given analog signal, representing it through a series of discrete steps while capturing its general shape and changes over time.
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