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2. Let f RR be a function with the property that there exists K € (0, 1) such that, for all x, y ER, f(x) = f(y)| ≤ Kx - y. Such a function is called a contraction of contraction factor K. (a) Prove that f is continuous. (b) Let c E R and (xn) be the sequence defined by x1 = C, Xn+1 = = f(xn) 0 for all n ≥ 1. i. Prove, by induction, that ii. Prove that, for all m n ≥ 1, xm- xn| ≤ 1- K iii. Deduce that (xn) is Cauchy, and hence converges. iv. Hence prove that f has a fixed point. v. Prove that the fixed point of f is unique. n+1- xn| ≤ K-¹x2. - x₁ for all n ≥ 1. Kn-1 =x2- x1. (You have just proved a special case of the Contraction Mapping Theorem.) (c) Write down a continuous function g: R → R which has no fixed points. Verify

2. Let f RR be a function with the property that there exists K € (0, 1) such that, for all x, y ER, f(x) = f(y)| ≤ Kx - y. Such a function is called a contraction of contraction factor K. (a) Prove that f is continuous. (b) Let c E R and (xn) be the sequence defined by x1 = C, Xn+1 = = f(xn) 0 for all n ≥ 1. i. Prove, by induction, that ii. Prove that, for all m n ≥ 1, xm- xn| ≤ 1- K iii. Deduce that (xn) is Cauchy, and hence converges. iv. Hence prove that f has a fixed point. v. Prove that the fixed point of f is unique. n+1- xn| ≤ K-¹x2. - x₁ for all n ≥ 1. Kn-1 =x2- x1. (You have just proved a special case of the Contraction Mapping Theorem.) (c) Write down a continuous function g: R → R which has no fixed points. Verify

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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2. Let f RR be a function with the property that there exists K € (0, 1) such that, for all x, y € R, f(x) − f (y)| ≤ K|x - y. Such a function is called a contraction of contraction factor K. (a) Prove that f is continuous. (b) Let c ER and (xn) be the sequence defined by x1 = C, Xn+1 = 0 f(xn) for all n ≥ 1. n+1- xn| ≤ Kn-¹|x2 - x₁| for all n ≥ 1. Kn-1 i. Prove, by induction, that ii. Prove that, for all m n ≥ 1, xm- xn| ≤ 1- K iii. Deduce that (n) is Cauchy, and hence converges. iv. Hence prove that f has a fixed point. v. Prove that the fixed point of f is unique. (You have just proved a special case of the Contraction Mapping Theorem.) (c) Write down a continuous function g: R → R which has no fixed points. Verify that it is not a contraction. = |x₂ - x11.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Let f RR be a function with the property that there exists K € (0, 1) such that, for all x, y € R, f(x) − f (y)| ≤ K|x - y. Such a function is called a contraction of contraction factor K. (a) Prove that f is continuous. (b) Let c ER and (xn) be the sequence defined by x1 = C, Xn+1 = 0 f(xn) for all n ≥ 1. n+1- xn| ≤ Kn-¹|x2 - x₁| for all n ≥ 1. Kn-1 i. Prove, by induction, that ii. Prove that, for all m n ≥ 1, xm- xn| ≤ 1- K iii. Deduce that (n) is Cauchy, and hence converges. iv. Hence prove that f has a fixed point. v. Prove that the fixed point of f is unique. (You have just proved a special case of the Contraction Mapping Theorem.) (c) Write down a continuous function g: R → R which has no fixed points. Verify that it is not a contraction. = |x₂ - x11.
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