Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:The image presents a table asking to identify the relationship between pairs of molecular structures: identical, enantiomers, or diastereomers. Below are descriptions and graphical interpretations for each indicated pair:
1. **Structure i**
- **Molecules**: Cyclopropanols with OH groups in different orientations.
- **Graphs**: Two triangular structures with hydroxyl (OH) groups are shown in different positions (wedge vs. dashed wedge) indicating different stereochemistry.
2. **Structure ii**
- **Molecules**: Propanol isomers with OH groups.
- **Graphs**: Linear structures with hydroxyl (OH) groups positioned differently (wedge vs. dashed wedge), suggesting a difference in 3D orientation.
3. **Structure iii**
- **Molecules**: Bromoalkanes.
- **Graphs**: Linear carbon chains with bromine (Br) substituents, indicating varying spatial configurations (wedge vs. dashed wedge).
4. **Structure iv**
- **Molecules**: Methylbutanes.
- **Graphs**: Chains with methyl (CH3) groups in different stereochemical positions (wedge vs. dashed wedge), suggesting non-superimposable mirror images.
5. **Structure v**
- **Molecules**: Chloro-bromo-alkanes.
- **Graphs**: Linear structures with both chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) atoms having distinct stereochemical positioning, indicating possible differences in spatial arrangement.
Each pair aims to test the understanding of molecular stereochemistry regarding chirality and spatial isomerism.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Defining Enantiomers, diastereomers and identical compound.
1) Enantiomers:
The compounds have chiral centers in their molecules.
The four different groups attached to carbon atoms are called chiral carbon atom.
The compounds which are non-superimposed images of their own are called enantiomers.
2) Diastereomers:
Compounds have same molecular formula but sequence of bonding elements is different.
3) Identical compounds:
Compounds having same molecular formula and their bonding arrangement is same and can not be distinguished are called identical compounds.
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