2. For the sample below of a 5 ft radius: a) calculate hydraulic gradients for all three soil layers, b) calculate the seepage rate, c) draw the diagrams of total and effective stresses and pore water pressure, and d) find the maximum water elevation, H, before layer 1 starts heaving. Use the following soil properties: Soil 1 - Ysat=115 lb/ft³ and k=0.006 in/sec, Soil 2 - Ysat=125 lb/ft³ and k=0.003 in/sec, Soil 3 - Ysat-120 lb/ft³ and k=0.016 in/sec.

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Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.