2. For each of the following sketch the universe, define a system and its surroundings and give the direction of energy transfer. a. Methane is burning in a Bunsen burner in a laboratory. b. Water drops, sitting on your skin after swimming, evaporate. c. Two chemicals mixing in a beaker give off heat and the solution warms.
2. For each of the following sketch the universe, define a system and its surroundings and give the direction of energy transfer. a. Methane is burning in a Bunsen burner in a laboratory. b. Water drops, sitting on your skin after swimming, evaporate. c. Two chemicals mixing in a beaker give off heat and the solution warms.
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Energy Transfer in Various Systems
For each of the following scenarios, sketch the universe, define a system along with its surroundings, and indicate the direction of energy transfer.
#### a. Methane is burning in a Bunsen burner in a laboratory.
- **System:** The Bunsen burner and the methane gas.
- **Surroundings:** Laboratory environment.
- **Energy Transfer:** Energy is transferred as heat from the flame to the surroundings.
#### b. Water drops, sitting on your skin after swimming, evaporate.
- **System:** Water droplets on the skin.
- **Surroundings:** Body and air.
- **Energy Transfer:** Energy is absorbed from the skin and surrounding air to the water droplets.
#### c. Two chemicals mixing in a beaker give off heat, and the solution warms.
- **System:** Beaker containing the mixed chemicals.
- **Surroundings:** Laboratory environment.
- **Energy Transfer:** Heat energy is released from the chemical reaction to the surroundings.
#### d. Your hand gets cold when you touch ice.
- **System:** Ice.
- **Surroundings:** Hand.
- **Energy Transfer:** Heat energy is transferred from the hand to the ice.
#### e. Water boils in a kettle being heated on a stove.
- **System:** Water in the kettle.
- **Surroundings:** Kettle, stove, and air.
- **Energy Transfer:** Energy is transferred from the stove to the water.
#### f. Water vapor condenses on a cold pipe.
- **System:** Water vapor.
- **Surroundings:** Cold pipe.
- **Energy Transfer:** Energy is released from the water vapor to the pipe as it condenses.
#### g. Water freezes in the freezer.
- **System:** Water.
- **Surroundings:** Freezer environment.
- **Energy Transfer:** Energy is released from the water to the freezer environment.
These examples illustrate different forms of energy transfer such as heat absorption and release, providing insights into thermodynamics in everyday phenomena.
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