Answered: 2. Explain the meaning of (a) nature…

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)

5th Edition

ISBN:9780134477961

Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TY

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2. Explain the meaning of (a) nature and nurture, (b) continuity and discontinuity, and (c) stability and change. Also, explain why current life-span developmentalists do not adopt extreme positions on the three issues. 3. Define and distinguish the five systems in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. Provide at least two examples of each system by citing aspects from your own personal life. 4. Describe development during the germinal, embryological, and fetal periods. Also, explain what factors might contribute to complications at specific times during gestation. 5. Define teratogen, and give at least two examples of teratogens and their specific effects. 6. Describe the stages of birth, and also explain the role of midwives and doulas in the birth process. 7. Outline brain development during infancy, and speculate how brain development relates to behavioral and psychological development during this period of life. 8. Explain Piaget’s concept of a scheme, and give an example of both a behavioral scheme and a mental scheme. Explain the processes of assimilation and accommodation using these concepts. 9. Analyze your own temperament. Indicate whether your temperament is better explained by the Chess and Thomas or the Rothbart and Bates approach. Also indicate how stable your temperament has been over the course of your development, and what factors may have contributed to this stability or lack of stability. 10. Explain Erikson’s concept of trust versus mistrust. Give a hypothetical situation of a parent–infant interaction that leads to the infant developing trust and a hypothetical situation in which the infant would develop mistrust.

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The study of lifespan development is essential as humans changes throughout their life, and the development doesn't stop as one moves from childhood to adulthood. People develop and change in all domains such as cognitive, physical, psychological, and social. Psychologists study this process of development as it helps in understanding the mechanisms involved in the brain as we age and learn. Psychologists’ study lifespan development with three major goals; description, explanation, and optimization of the developmental process.