Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
![**Exercise 2: Aldol Condensation Mechanism**
**Task:** Draw the mechanism of the base-catalyzed aldol condensation reaction of two molecules of acetone using the arrow formalism.
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**Explanation:**
In this exercise, you are required to illustrate the step-by-step mechanism of the aldol condensation reaction facilitated by a base catalyst. The reaction involves two acetone molecules and you will use the arrow formalism to demonstrate how electrons are transferred during the reaction.
When constructing your diagram, ensure that each step highlights the shifts in electron density and formation of bonds:
1. **Enolate Ion Formation:** Demonstrate the abstraction of an alpha hydrogen from one acetone molecule by the base, leading to the formation of an enolate ion.
2. **Nucleophilic Addition:** Show how the enolate ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of a second acetone molecule.
3. **Formation of Beta-Hydroxy Ketone:** Highlight the resulting beta-hydroxy ketone formation.
4. **Dehydration:** Illustrate the elimination step where water is expelled, leading to the formation of the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone product.
Remember to ensure clarity in your arrow notation to effectively communicate each mechanistic step.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F88167701-6d3f-46b8-9f75-5ab21a2347bf%2F7e3fcd43-fe5c-4d76-8751-3819ebb3b4d4%2F4jcyjma_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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