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2. Draw the mechanism for the following reactions. Include all curved arrows. Reaction 1: OH Reaction 2: Reaction 3: Br Reaction 4 -: H3O+ heat HBr NaOCH₂CH3 Br2 H₂O Br OH Br

2. Draw the mechanism for the following reactions. Include all curved arrows. Reaction 1: OH Reaction 2: Reaction 3: Br Reaction 4 -: H3O+ heat HBr NaOCH₂CH3 Br2 H₂O Br OH Br

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Reaction Mechanisms **Task**: Draw the mechanism for the following reactions. Include all curved arrows. --- **Reaction 1:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \), heat - **Product**: Cyclohexene derivative **Explanation**: This reaction involves the dehydration of an alcohol to form an alkene. The mechanism typically proceeds via protonation of the alcohol to form a better leaving group, followed by the loss of water to generate a carbocation. The final step is deprotonation to form the alkene. --- **Reaction 2:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexene derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{HBr} \) - **Product**: Bromo cyclohexane derivative **Explanation**: This reaction is an example of hydrohalogenation, where the alkene reacts with hydrobromic acid to add bromine across the double bond. The mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate and then nucleophilic attack by the bromide ion. --- **Reaction 3:** - **Reactant**: Bromo cyclohexane derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{NaOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) - **Product**: Cyclohexene derivative **Explanation**: This reaction is an example of an elimination reaction, specifically E2. The strong base \( \text{NaOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) abstracts a proton while the leaving group (bromide) is expelled, resulting in the formation of a double bond. --- **Reaction 4:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexene derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{Br}_2, \text{H}_2\text{O} \) - **Product**: Bromohydrin derivative **Explanation**: This is a halohydrin formation reaction. The alkene reacts with bromine in the presence of water. The bromine adds to the alkene to form a bromonium ion, which is then attacked by water to give the bromohydrin product with both bromine and hydroxyl groups added. --- These reactions illustrate various fundamental organic reaction mechanisms involving the formation and reactivity of carbocations
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Mechanisms **Task**: Draw the mechanism for the following reactions. Include all curved arrows. --- **Reaction 1:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexanol derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \), heat - **Product**: Cyclohexene derivative **Explanation**: This reaction involves the dehydration of an alcohol to form an alkene. The mechanism typically proceeds via protonation of the alcohol to form a better leaving group, followed by the loss of water to generate a carbocation. The final step is deprotonation to form the alkene. --- **Reaction 2:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexene derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{HBr} \) - **Product**: Bromo cyclohexane derivative **Explanation**: This reaction is an example of hydrohalogenation, where the alkene reacts with hydrobromic acid to add bromine across the double bond. The mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate and then nucleophilic attack by the bromide ion. --- **Reaction 3:** - **Reactant**: Bromo cyclohexane derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{NaOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) - **Product**: Cyclohexene derivative **Explanation**: This reaction is an example of an elimination reaction, specifically E2. The strong base \( \text{NaOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) abstracts a proton while the leaving group (bromide) is expelled, resulting in the formation of a double bond. --- **Reaction 4:** - **Reactant**: Cyclohexene derivative - **Reagent**: \( \text{Br}_2, \text{H}_2\text{O} \) - **Product**: Bromohydrin derivative **Explanation**: This is a halohydrin formation reaction. The alkene reacts with bromine in the presence of water. The bromine adds to the alkene to form a bromonium ion, which is then attacked by water to give the bromohydrin product with both bromine and hydroxyl groups added. --- These reactions illustrate various fundamental organic reaction mechanisms involving the formation and reactivity of carbocations
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