2.) Determine the required spacing of vertical U-stirrups for a beam subject to axial tension. Given the ff. properties: Beam width = 270 mm, Over-all depth = 460 mm, Effective depth = 410 mm, f'c = 25 MPa, fyt = 275 MPa %3D %3D %3D %3D Shear: V(dead load) = 60 kN; V(live load) = 40 kN %3D %3D Axial tension: Live Load tension = 80 kN; Dead Load tension = 10 kN %3D Use 10 mm vertical U-stirrups and sand lightweight concrete.

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Management of Labor

Labor, worker or construction laborer are the skilled workers employed in the construction site who performs several works which demand physical strength. The laborer's task is very challenging and often leads to fatigue and exhaustion. Depending on the nature of work, a construction firm may employ many laborers. The laborers prepare sites for construction works, loading and unloading of materials, removing hazards, dismantling, overhauling of equipment, shifting materials, and assisting higher officials. The labor may also require to operate special equipment depending upon its expertise. In a nutshell, the laborer's work is essential and challenging sometimes, and their involvement help to finish the construction process on time.A labor manager undertakes the task of labor-management in a construction site. He helps in the organization of the project by wisely and systematically managing the laborers involved with the project. A labor manager hires people with the expertise, to deliver the right productivity. Proper labor management will ensure high productivity, right skills utilization, availability of workers on time, and timely project completion.