2. Consider the following molecules or ions: H2O, SF4, IF4", and COF2. Answer the following question based on the Lewis structures and VSEPR theory prediction of their molecular shapes. (a) Which one has only bond angles of 109.5°? (b) Which one has only bond angles of 120°? (c) Which one has bond angles of 90 and 180°? (d) Which one has bond angles of 90, 120, and 180°?

2. Consider the following molecules or ions: H2O, SF4, IF4", and COF2. Answer the following question based on the Lewis structures and VSEPR theory prediction of their molecular shapes. (a) Which one has only bond angles of 109.5°? (b) Which one has only bond angles of 120°? (c) Which one has bond angles of 90 and 180°? (d) Which one has bond angles of 90, 120, and 180°?

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter7: Covalent Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 76QAP: In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or...

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Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5? Explain your reasoning.
In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.
Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.
2. Consider the following molecules or ions: CIOF5, NOBr, NH2F, and XeO2F3+. Answer the following questions based on the Lewis structures and VSEPR theory prediction of their molecular shapes. (a) Which one has only bond angles of 109.5°? (b) Which one has only bond angles of 120°? (c) Which one has bond angles of 90 and 180°? (d) Which one has bond angles of 90, 120, and 180°?
10. Each ball-and-stick model below shows the electron-pair and molecular geometry of a generic molecule. Explain what is wrong with each molecular geometry and provide the correct molecular geometry based on the number of lone and bonding pairs around the central atom. (a) (b) (c) 11. Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide (CH3CONH2) and determine the geometry about each interior atom. Experiments show that the geometry about the N atom in acetamide is nearly planar. Draw a resonance structure that can account for the planar geometry about the N atom.
(a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?
Consider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.
The structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?
1. For each molecular geometry, give the number of total electron pairs, the number of bonding pairs and the number of lone pairs on the central atom. (a) (b) (c) 2. For the following species provide the Lewis structure and make a 3D sketch showing estimated bond angles. Determine the polarity of each molecular and draw the dipole. a) SF4 b) KrF4 3. Determine the 3D structure of the molecule of formula C2H4O (H3CCHO). Indicate the geometry around each "central" atom and estimate bond angles. Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper X-A-X XX Linear Trigonal planar Bent Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal Trigonal bipyramidal Seesaw Octahedral Square planar
7. Nitrogen is the central atom in each of the species given. (a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for each of the species. + NO₂ NO₂ NO₂ (b) List the species in order of increasing bond angle. Justify your answer. (c) For NO₂ and NO₂, give the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in it. (d) Identify the only one of the species that dimerizes and explain what causes it to do so.
Give approximate values for the indicated bond angles:(a) Cl—S—Cl in SCl2(b) N—N—O in N2O(c) Bond angles 1, 2, and 3 in vinyl alcohol (a component of polymers and amolecule found in outer space)
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is used in the electronics industry to clean surfaces. NF3 is also a potent greenhouse gas. (A) Draw the Lewis structure of NF3 and determine its molecular geometry. (B) BF3 and NF3 both have three covalently bonded fluorine atoms around a central atom. Do they have the same dipole moment? (C) Could BF3 also behave as a greenhouse gas? Explain why or why not.