2. By how much and in what direction does a change from voltage level 20 to voltage level 30 change hardness? Is the effect significant? 3. Is summary the appropriate way to conduct the F test for this ANOVA, why or why not?

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Parts 2,3
2. By how much and in what direction does a change from voltage level 20 to voltage level 30 change
hardness? Is the effect significant?
3. Is summary the appropriate way to conduct the F test for this ANOVA, why or why not?
4. Comment on the assumptions of the model with reference to the below diagnostic outputs.
5. Explain, in laymens terms in 1-2 sentences, how Type I sum of squares allocates variability in a two-way
ANOVA, and it's limitations.
6. Given the variables of interest (voltage, electron speed), why was a linear model formalism not used in
this case?
7. What purpose would a Levene's test serve in validating the model?
8. What would it mean, in layman's term, for a significant interaction to be present between voltage and
electron speed factors?
Transcribed Image Text:2. By how much and in what direction does a change from voltage level 20 to voltage level 30 change hardness? Is the effect significant? 3. Is summary the appropriate way to conduct the F test for this ANOVA, why or why not? 4. Comment on the assumptions of the model with reference to the below diagnostic outputs. 5. Explain, in laymens terms in 1-2 sentences, how Type I sum of squares allocates variability in a two-way ANOVA, and it's limitations. 6. Given the variables of interest (voltage, electron speed), why was a linear model formalism not used in this case? 7. What purpose would a Levene's test serve in validating the model? 8. What would it mean, in layman's term, for a significant interaction to be present between voltage and electron speed factors?
ant in 20 minutes or so).
table (Cast IronHardness $TravelSpeed, Cast IronHardness$Voltage)
10 20 30
10 66 6
20 6 6 6
30
6 6 6
> cast IronModel = aov (Hardness as.factor (TravelSpeed) *as.factor (Voltage), Cast IronHardness)
> summary (cast IronModel)
as.factor (TravelSpeed)
as.factor (Voltage)
as.factor (Travel Speed): as.factor (Voltage)
Residuals
Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 '** 0.01 0.05. 0.1 1
TukeyHSD (cast IronModel)
Pr (>F)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
2 106912 53456 8.740 0.000621 ***
2 150390 75195 12.294 5.5e-05 ***
4 11409 2852 0.466 0.760062
45 275228
6116
Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov (formula = Hardness as.factor (TravelSpeed) *as.factor (Voltage), data = Cast IronHardne
$'as.factor (TravelSpeed) '
lwr
diff
upr p adj
20-10 80.11111 16.93074 143.29148 0.0098593
30-10 104.05556 40.87518 167.23593 0.0006889
30-20 23.94444 -39.23593 87.12482 0.6315525
$'as.factor (Voltage) '
diff
lwr
upr p adj
20-10 -69.00000 -132.1804 -5.819629 0.0294625
30-10 -129.16667 -192.3470 -65.986295 0.0000314
3.013705 0.0648873
30-20 -60.16667 -123.3470
Transcribed Image Text:ant in 20 minutes or so). table (Cast IronHardness $TravelSpeed, Cast IronHardness$Voltage) 10 20 30 10 66 6 20 6 6 6 30 6 6 6 > cast IronModel = aov (Hardness as.factor (TravelSpeed) *as.factor (Voltage), Cast IronHardness) > summary (cast IronModel) as.factor (TravelSpeed) as.factor (Voltage) as.factor (Travel Speed): as.factor (Voltage) Residuals Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 '** 0.01 0.05. 0.1 1 TukeyHSD (cast IronModel) Pr (>F) Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value 2 106912 53456 8.740 0.000621 *** 2 150390 75195 12.294 5.5e-05 *** 4 11409 2852 0.466 0.760062 45 275228 6116 Tukey multiple comparisons of means 95% family-wise confidence level Fit: aov (formula = Hardness as.factor (TravelSpeed) *as.factor (Voltage), data = Cast IronHardne $'as.factor (TravelSpeed) ' lwr diff upr p adj 20-10 80.11111 16.93074 143.29148 0.0098593 30-10 104.05556 40.87518 167.23593 0.0006889 30-20 23.94444 -39.23593 87.12482 0.6315525 $'as.factor (Voltage) ' diff lwr upr p adj 20-10 -69.00000 -132.1804 -5.819629 0.0294625 30-10 -129.16667 -192.3470 -65.986295 0.0000314 3.013705 0.0648873 30-20 -60.16667 -123.3470
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