2. Built-in Stabilizers Suppose equilibrium output in economy is initially $500 billion and lump-sum tax revenues are $50 billion. Assume the mpc is 0.80. A sudden rise in interest rates cause a $15 billion decrease in investment spending and a $5 billion decrease in consumption spending. (a) What will be the new levels of equilibrium output and the sizes of the effect of these changes upon equilibrium output when (i) there are no income taxes or entitlement programs such as unemployment insurance; (ii) there is an income tax (t= 25%) and there are no entitlement programs such as unemployment

2. Built-in Stabilizers Suppose equilibrium output in economy is initially $500 billion and lump-sum tax revenues are $50 billion. Assume the mpc is 0.80. A sudden rise in interest rates cause a $15 billion decrease in investment spending and a $5 billion decrease in consumption spending. (a) What will be the new levels of equilibrium output and the sizes of the effect of these changes upon equilibrium output when (i) there are no income taxes or entitlement programs such as unemployment insurance; (ii) there is an income tax (t= 25%) and there are no entitlement programs such as unemployment

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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10. Crowding out effect Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $13 billion raises the total demand for goods and services by $65 billion. If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, they would estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Their new estimate of the MPC would be than their initial one.
Suppose that the economy is experiencing a recession with an estimated recessionary gap of $15 billion. Congress is considering the use of fiscal policy to ease the recession, but due to current political sentiments, it has determined that the maximum spending increase the government is willing to support is $2 billion. It wants to make up the remainder of the recessionary gap using tax cuts. If a spending increase of $2 billion is approved and the MPC is 0.8, by how much will taxes need to be reduced to close the remainder of the recessionary gap? Instructions: Round your answer to 2 decimal places. 5 billion
Question 25 Which of the following is true regarding the simple tax multiplier? I has the same sign but larger magnitude than the simple fiscal multiplier. O It has the same sign but lower magnitude than the simple fiscal multiplier. O t has the opposite sign and lower magnitude than the simple fiscal multiplier. It has the opposite sign and a larger magnitude than the simple fiscal multiplier.
Suppose that real GDP is currently $1.45 trillion, potential GDP is $1.51 trillion, the government purchases multiplier is 2.4, and the tax multiplier is 2. a. Holding other factors constant, government purchases will need to be increased by $ 0.0250 trillion to bring the economy to equilibrium at potential GDP. (Round to four decimal places as needed.) b. Holding other factors constant, taxes have to be cut by $ 0.0300 trillion to bring the economy to equilibrium at potential GDP. (Round to four decimal places as needed.) c. Construct an example of a combination of increased government spending and tax cuts that will bring the economy to equilibrium at potential GDP. The combination of increasing government spending by $0.0600 trillion and cutting taxes by $ trillion will bring the economy to equilibrium at potential GDP (Round to four decimal places as needed.) $0.0600 trillion $0.1440 trillion $0.1200 trillion $0.0100 trillion
2. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is, and the spending multiplier for this economy is ▼. Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to .The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD1) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the spending multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate demand…
7. Study Questions and Problems #7 Suppose autonomous government spending increases by $100 billion and the value of the MPC is 0.9. Use the following table to compute four rounds of the spending multiplier effect. Round Components of Total Spending 1 Investment Consumption Consumption Consumption 2 3 4 New Consumption Spending (Billions of dollars) After an infinite number of spending-output-spending rounds, the total change in real GDP resulting from the $100 billion increase in government spending is $ billion.
3. The Government of Wonderland decides to adopt an expansionary fiscal policy increasing its expenditure (G) by $500 billion. They know that the value of MPC is 0.6. By how much should the economy be expected to expand? Answer Here: Gxmpc=$100X0.6 200 Will Crowding Out affect the final outcome of this move? Explain your answer Answer Here:
Attempts 10. Crowding out effect Keep the Highest/2 Suppose economists observe that an increase in government spending of $13 billion raises the total demand for goods and servic If these economists ignore the possibility of crowding out, they would estimate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) to be Now suppose the economists allow for crowding out. Their new estimate of the MPC would be than their initial one. Grade It Now 3/4 1/4 4 52 billion. Save & Continue
6. Graphical treatment of taxes and fiscal policy The main difference between variable taxes and fixed taxes is that unlike fixed taxes, variable taxes The following graph shows the consumption schedule for an economy with a given level of taxes. Suppose the government implements a tax increase through a fixed tax. Use two green points (triangle symbol) to connect the two black points (plus symbols) representing the consumption schedule after the change in taxes. Hint: The new consumption schedule must pass through one point on the left and one point on the right. REAL CONSUMER SPENDING (Billions of dollars) 8 40 30 8 0 + + + O + ++ 20 40 60 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 80 + O + 100 Consumption with Tax Increase through a Fixed Tax Consumption with Tax Increase through a Variable Tax The blue line on the next graph represents the original total expenditure line for this economy before the change in tax structure. Use the new consumption line you just plotted to calculate the new…
How much government spending needs to be increased to maintain full employment in the economy If the economy was facing recessionary gap of $900 billions? Assume MPC is .9. How much tax cut should government give if they wanted to eliminate this recessionary gap through tax cut?
14. Suppose that Korea has been in recession and many economists have concerns about the long-term recession. Therefore, the Bank of Korea and the government are preparing stimulus packages for the economy. (1) Using both AA and DD curves, describe the effect of the government’s temporarily expansionary fiscal policy on the change of equilibrium of national output and foreign exchange rate. (2) The Korean government decides to annually spend an extra budget on constructing and maintaining social infrastructure forever. Using both AA and DD curves, describe the impact of the government’s policy on the change of equilibrium of national output and foreign exchange rate.
1. Which of the following is an example of an automatic stabilizer? The savings Unemployment benefits Autonomous public expenditure The multiplier effect