2. Air flows over a mountain ridge and rises from sea level (1000 mbar) to a height of 4 km and then back to sea level on the lee side. At sea level on the windward side of the mountain the air has a temperature of 14 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. Half of the condensed water precipitates as the air moves up the windward side of the mountain. Determine the following using a tephigramme. Indicate each point of interest on the tephigramme. a) Water vapour mixing ratio at the surface on the windward side of the mountain. b) Pressure at which a cloud commences formation on the way up the windward side of the mountain. c) Total water content (vapour + condensed) at the top of the mountain. d) Height at which the cloud has completely evaporated/sublimated while moving down the lee side of the mountain. e) Temperature and relative humidity of the air after it has descended to sea level on the lee side of the mountain. f) Explain why it is often warmer and drier downwind from a mountain range.

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Energy transfer

The flow of energy from one region to another region is referred to as energy transfer. Since energy is quantitative; it must be transferred to a body or a material to work or to heat the system.

Molar Specific Heat

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy absorbed or released by a chemical substance per the change in temperature of that substance. The change in heat is also called enthalpy. The SI unit of heat capacity is Joules per Kelvin, which is (J K-1) 

Thermal Properties of Matter

Thermal energy is described as one of the form of heat energy which flows from one body of higher temperature to the other with the lower temperature when these two bodies are placed in contact to each other. Heat is described as the form of energy which is transferred between the two systems or in between the systems and their surrounding by the virtue of difference in temperature. Calorimetry is that branch of science which helps in measuring the changes which are taking place in the heat energy of a given body.