1. Find area precipitation by isohyetal method for a certain catchment area given the followingdataIsohyets, cmP 6.8S4PS 312/2P1.5DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGCCB 433 - Fluid Mechanics for Civil EngineersTutorial 1 August 2022OTime, minRainfall, em+ 602Area enclosed within catchmentboundary, km2. A catchment has six rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded by the gauges are asfollows:Station100AF102.7Rainfall, mm86.3For a 10% error in the estimation of mean rainfall, calculate the optimum number of stations in thecatchment903.1868163. From the precipitation data given, estimate cumulative rainfall and rainfall intensity.Time, min4060500.32 0.37 0.43Rainfall, cm-100.1820972134106026331001.65BCDE108.9 154.2 78.3 93.1+002+152200.211975300.26120 1300.261100.81 0.52P = A₁6+52Athal-1975P₂• (Pi+ P² ] + An [Po+Pr+A₂Atotal+ (33+971400.4221500.365+470800.64 1.14160 1700.280.19+ 21341321800.17+4403+22

since the given question is multiple type therefore as per guidelines only one question will be…

2. A catchment has six rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded by the gauges are as follows: Station A D F B C 108.9 154.2 78.3 Rainfall, mm 86.3 102.7 For a 10% error in the estimation of mean rainfall, calculate the optimum number of stations in the catchment E 93.1

2. A catchment has six rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded by the gauges are as follows: Station A D F B C 108.9 154.2 78.3 Rainfall, mm 86.3 102.7 For a 10% error in the estimation of mean rainfall, calculate the optimum number of stations in the catchment E 93.1

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Concept explainers

Precipitation

Precipitation forms the basis of the water cycle on the Earth. The air is packed with water molecules in the form of moisture or water vapor. This water vapor usually rises to the atmosphere due to density differences. Precipitation represents any form of water, in liquid form or frozen form that forms in the earth's atmosphere. The water vapor up in the atmosphere condenses due to low temperature and it leads to the formation of clouds. The water vapor that forms clouds on account of condensation, is preferably known as cloud droplet. These cloud droplets when become heavy and can no longer sustain the weight of condensed water droplets, they come to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, ice pellets, and hail. Precipitation patterns, evaporation, and condensation are the three parameters that decide the global water cycle, climate change, and weather. Additionally, smoke and dust particles are equally important parameters for precipitation, as they provide the surface area for the water vapors to get condensed and to form water droplets. So they are known as condensation nuclei. The presence of other pollutants in the air also serves as condensation nuclei. Precipitation always results in the pure water supply to earth, as the salt from the seawater does not evaporate with the water.

Question

1. Find area precipitation by isohyetal method for a certain catchment area given the following
data
Isohyets, cm
P 6.8
S
4
PS 3
12/2
P1.5
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CCB 433 - Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineers
Tutorial 1 August 2022
O
Time, min
Rainfall, em
+ 602
Area enclosed within catchment
boundary, km
2. A catchment has six rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded by the gauges are as
follows:
Station
10
0
A
F
102.7
Rainfall, mm
86.3
For a 10% error in the estimation of mean rainfall, calculate the optimum number of stations in the
catchment
90
3.18
6816
3. From the precipitation data given, estimate cumulative rainfall and rainfall intensity.
Time, min
40
60
50
0.32 0.37 0.43
Rainfall, cm
-
10
0.18
20
97
213
410
602
633
100
1.65
B
C
D
E
108.9 154.2 78.3 93.1
+00
2+15
2
20
0.21
1975
30
0.26
120 130
0.26
110
0.81 0.52
P = A₁
6+5
2
Athal-1975
P₂
• (Pi+ P² ] + An [Po+Pr+
A₂
Atotal
+ (33
+97
140
0.42
2
150
0.36
5+4
70
80
0.64 1.14
160 170
0.28
0.19
+ 213
413
2
180
0.17
+440
3+2
2

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