2 Unconventional CurrentsElectrical current does not always flowing through copper wires. Current is defined as the amount of charge passingthrough an area per unit time. Use this fundamental definition to determine the current in the following situations.(a) Synchrotron radiation is emitted by charged particles traveling at relativistic speeds and is used to study the struc-ture of molecules, crystals, and proteins. In a 6 GeV electron synchrotron, electrons travel around a circular path240 m long. It is normal to have about 1011 electrons circulating when the machine is in operation. The speed ofthe electrons is nearly the speed of light. What is the current of the electron beam?(b) In an electrolytic cell, a current flows through a chemical solution and the flowing ions participate in chemicalreactions. Suppose that 3.0g of gold is deposited on the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell over a period of 3hours. What is the average current through the cell during this period? Assume the gold ions are Au* and carry asingle elementary unit of positive charge.

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2 Unconventional Currents Electrical current docs not always flowing through copper wires. Current is defined as the amount of charge passing through an area per unit time. Use this fundamental definition to determine the current in the following situations. (a) Synchrotron radiation is emitted by charged particles traveling at relativistic speeds and is used to study the struc- ture of molecules, crystals, and proteins. In a 6 GeV electron synchrotron, electrons travel around a circular path 240m long. It is normal to have about 10" electrons circulating when the machine is in operation. The speed of the electrons is nearly the speed of light. What is the current of the electron beam? (b) In an electrolytic cell, a current flows through a chemical solution and the flowing ions participate in chemical reactions. Suppose that 3.0g of gold is deposited on the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell over a period of 3 hours. What is the average current through the cell during this period? Assume the gold ions are Au* and carry a single elementary unit of positive charge.

2 Unconventional Currents Electrical current docs not always flowing through copper wires. Current is defined as the amount of charge passing through an area per unit time. Use this fundamental definition to determine the current in the following situations. (a) Synchrotron radiation is emitted by charged particles traveling at relativistic speeds and is used to study the struc- ture of molecules, crystals, and proteins. In a 6 GeV electron synchrotron, electrons travel around a circular path 240m long. It is normal to have about 10" electrons circulating when the machine is in operation. The speed of the electrons is nearly the speed of light. What is the current of the electron beam? (b) In an electrolytic cell, a current flows through a chemical solution and the flowing ions participate in chemical reactions. Suppose that 3.0g of gold is deposited on the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell over a period of 3 hours. What is the average current through the cell during this period? Assume the gold ions are Au* and carry a single elementary unit of positive charge.