2 The local stability of the solutions The equilibrium point x of Eq.(1) is the positive solution of the equation ã= (A+B+C+D) x+ (6) (d- e)x' where d+ e. If [(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d) > 0, then the only positive equilibrium point ĩ of Eq.(1) is given by b X= [(A+B+C+D) - 1] (e – d) (7) Let us now introduce a continuous function F: (0,00)4 → (0, 0) which is defined by buj F(u0, u1, 2, u3)= Auo+ Bu + Cu2 + Du3 + %3D (du – euz) (8) provided du # euz. Consequently, we get ƏF(x,X,x,X) = A= Po, %3D One e [(A+B+C+D) –1] (e – d) ƏF(x,X,XX) = B– = P1, (9) e[(A+B+C+D) –1] (e – d) ƏF(x,X,X,X) = P2, Zne ƏF(x,x,X,X) D= P3, where e+ d. Thus, the linearized equation of Eq.(1) about x takes the form Zn+1 - Pozn- P1Zn-k- P2Zn-1- P3Zn-o = 0, (10) %3D where po, P1, P2 and p3 are given by (9).
2 The local stability of the solutions The equilibrium point x of Eq.(1) is the positive solution of the equation ã= (A+B+C+D) x+ (6) (d- e)x' where d+ e. If [(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d) > 0, then the only positive equilibrium point ĩ of Eq.(1) is given by b X= [(A+B+C+D) - 1] (e – d) (7) Let us now introduce a continuous function F: (0,00)4 → (0, 0) which is defined by buj F(u0, u1, 2, u3)= Auo+ Bu + Cu2 + Du3 + %3D (du – euz) (8) provided du # euz. Consequently, we get ƏF(x,X,x,X) = A= Po, %3D One e [(A+B+C+D) –1] (e – d) ƏF(x,X,XX) = B– = P1, (9) e[(A+B+C+D) –1] (e – d) ƏF(x,X,X,X) = P2, Zne ƏF(x,x,X,X) D= P3, where e+ d. Thus, the linearized equation of Eq.(1) about x takes the form Zn+1 - Pozn- P1Zn-k- P2Zn-1- P3Zn-o = 0, (10) %3D where po, P1, P2 and p3 are given by (9).
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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![2 The local stability of the solutions
The equilibrium point x of Eq.(1) is the positive solution
of the equation
x= (A+B+C+D)x+
(6)
(d-e)x'
where d + e. If [(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d) > 0, then
the only positive equilibrium point ž of Eq.(1) is given by
|
b
(7)
!!
[(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d)
Let
us
now
introduce
a
continuous
function
F: (0,00)4 -
→ (0, 00) which is defined by
bui
F(u0, U1, U2, U3) = Auo + Bun + Cu2+ Duz +
(du – euz)'
(8)
provided du # euz. Consequently, we get
ƏF(x,x,X,X)
= A= Po,
One
e [(A+B+C+D) –1]
(e - d)
ƏF(x,X,x,X)
-.
B-
= P1,
(9)
ƏF(x,x,x,X)
e[(A+B+C+D) –1]
(e - d)
= C+
= P2,
ƏF(x,x,x,X)
d u3
D=P3,
%3D
where et d. Thus, the linearized equation of Eq.(1) about
x takes the form
Zn+1 - Pozn- P1Zn-k - P2 Zn-1- P3Zn-o = 0,
(10)
where po, P1, P2 and p3 are given by (9).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7ecaae78-467a-4f8b-9627-a81f9986c070%2F9b524723-9c88-4c4a-acbc-31fe3b55a24e%2F7fchjhf_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:2 The local stability of the solutions
The equilibrium point x of Eq.(1) is the positive solution
of the equation
x= (A+B+C+D)x+
(6)
(d-e)x'
where d + e. If [(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d) > 0, then
the only positive equilibrium point ž of Eq.(1) is given by
|
b
(7)
!!
[(A+B+C+D) – 1] (e – d)
Let
us
now
introduce
a
continuous
function
F: (0,00)4 -
→ (0, 00) which is defined by
bui
F(u0, U1, U2, U3) = Auo + Bun + Cu2+ Duz +
(du – euz)'
(8)
provided du # euz. Consequently, we get
ƏF(x,x,X,X)
= A= Po,
One
e [(A+B+C+D) –1]
(e - d)
ƏF(x,X,x,X)
-.
B-
= P1,
(9)
ƏF(x,x,x,X)
e[(A+B+C+D) –1]
(e - d)
= C+
= P2,
ƏF(x,x,x,X)
d u3
D=P3,
%3D
where et d. Thus, the linearized equation of Eq.(1) about
x takes the form
Zn+1 - Pozn- P1Zn-k - P2 Zn-1- P3Zn-o = 0,
(10)
where po, P1, P2 and p3 are given by (9).
![The objective of this article is to investigate some
qualitative behavior of the solutions of the nonlinear
difference equation
bxn-k
Xn+1 = Axn+ Bx–k+Cxn-1+ Dxn-o+
dxn-k– exŋ-
n= 0,1,2,.....
(1)
where the coefficients A, B, C, D, b, d, e E (0,0), while
k, 1 and o are positive integers. The initial conditions
X_g,..., X_1,.., X_k, ….., X_1, X are arbitrary positive real
numbers such that k <1< 0. Note that the special cases
of Eq.(1) have been studied in [1] when B=C= D=0,
and k= 0,1= 1, b is replaced by – b and in [27] when
B=C= D=0, and k= 0, b is replaced by
[33] when B = C = D = 0, 1= 0 and in [32] when
A=C= D=0, 1=0, b is replaced by – b.
b and in
%3|](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7ecaae78-467a-4f8b-9627-a81f9986c070%2F9b524723-9c88-4c4a-acbc-31fe3b55a24e%2F358hoyo_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The objective of this article is to investigate some
qualitative behavior of the solutions of the nonlinear
difference equation
bxn-k
Xn+1 = Axn+ Bx–k+Cxn-1+ Dxn-o+
dxn-k– exŋ-
n= 0,1,2,.....
(1)
where the coefficients A, B, C, D, b, d, e E (0,0), while
k, 1 and o are positive integers. The initial conditions
X_g,..., X_1,.., X_k, ….., X_1, X are arbitrary positive real
numbers such that k <1< 0. Note that the special cases
of Eq.(1) have been studied in [1] when B=C= D=0,
and k= 0,1= 1, b is replaced by – b and in [27] when
B=C= D=0, and k= 0, b is replaced by
[33] when B = C = D = 0, 1= 0 and in [32] when
A=C= D=0, 1=0, b is replaced by – b.
b and in
%3|
Expert Solution
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Step 1
Given continuous function ,
and The only positive equilibrium point is given by
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