1A 2A 3B 4B (1) (2) (3) 5B 68 78 (4) (5) (6) 8B 18 28 3A (9) (10)' (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 4.0 (7) (8) 44 5A 6A TA 3.0 2.0 F 4.0 2. 1.0 2,1 3,5 3.0 0.0 2.5 Li 1.0 Be 1.5 B 2.0 CI 3.0 2.5 AI 1.5 Si 1.8 2.1 Na 0.9 Mg 1.2 Se 24 Br 2,8 NI As Fe 1.8 Cu Cr Mn 1.6 15 Co 1,8 Rh 2.2 Sc 1.3 Ti 1.5 18 1.9 Zn Ga 1.6 1.6 Cd Ge 1.8 20 1.6 Ca 1.0 Ag K Ru 2.2 Pd Mo 1.8 Sn 1.8 Te 2.1 2.5 0.8 2.2 19 In Nb 1.6 1.9 Zr 1.4 1.9 Sr 1.0 A 1,7 2A 31.8 Au Rb 0.8 Os 2.2 Pt 2.2 2.2 At 2.2 1.2 Ir Hg Bi Po Re 1.9 Pb 1.9 1.9 2.0 TI w 1.7 Ta Hf 1.3 La 1.5 Ba 0.9 Cs 1.1 0.7 6. Ra 0.9 Ac 1.1 Fr 0.7 Er Tm Yb Lu 1.21.21.2 1.21.21.2 1.2 1.3 Es Fm Md Dy Ho Ce 1.1 Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb 1.1 1.1 1.21.2 1.1 No Am Cm Bk 1.3 Cf Th 1.3 Pa 1.5 Np Pu 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.31.31.31,31.5 1.31.3 Figure 9.19 The Pauling electronegativ- ity (EN) scale. The height of each post is proportional to the EN, which is shown on top. The key has several EN cutoffs. In 0.7 - 1.4 1.5 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 3.0 - 4.0 the main groups, EN increases across and decreases down. The transition and inner transition elements show little change in EN. Here hydrogen is placed near ele- ments with similar EN values. Period o.C Electronegativity Electronegativity Period
1A 2A 3B 4B (1) (2) (3) 5B 68 78 (4) (5) (6) 8B 18 28 3A (9) (10)' (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 4.0 (7) (8) 44 5A 6A TA 3.0 2.0 F 4.0 2. 1.0 2,1 3,5 3.0 0.0 2.5 Li 1.0 Be 1.5 B 2.0 CI 3.0 2.5 AI 1.5 Si 1.8 2.1 Na 0.9 Mg 1.2 Se 24 Br 2,8 NI As Fe 1.8 Cu Cr Mn 1.6 15 Co 1,8 Rh 2.2 Sc 1.3 Ti 1.5 18 1.9 Zn Ga 1.6 1.6 Cd Ge 1.8 20 1.6 Ca 1.0 Ag K Ru 2.2 Pd Mo 1.8 Sn 1.8 Te 2.1 2.5 0.8 2.2 19 In Nb 1.6 1.9 Zr 1.4 1.9 Sr 1.0 A 1,7 2A 31.8 Au Rb 0.8 Os 2.2 Pt 2.2 2.2 At 2.2 1.2 Ir Hg Bi Po Re 1.9 Pb 1.9 1.9 2.0 TI w 1.7 Ta Hf 1.3 La 1.5 Ba 0.9 Cs 1.1 0.7 6. Ra 0.9 Ac 1.1 Fr 0.7 Er Tm Yb Lu 1.21.21.2 1.21.21.2 1.2 1.3 Es Fm Md Dy Ho Ce 1.1 Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb 1.1 1.1 1.21.2 1.1 No Am Cm Bk 1.3 Cf Th 1.3 Pa 1.5 Np Pu 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.31.31.31,31.5 1.31.3 Figure 9.19 The Pauling electronegativ- ity (EN) scale. The height of each post is proportional to the EN, which is shown on top. The key has several EN cutoffs. In 0.7 - 1.4 1.5 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 3.0 - 4.0 the main groups, EN increases across and decreases down. The transition and inner transition elements show little change in EN. Here hydrogen is placed near ele- ments with similar EN values. Period o.C Electronegativity Electronegativity Period
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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The four bonds of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are polar, but the molecule is nonpolar because the bond polarity is canceled by the symmetric tetrahedral shape. When other atoms substitute for some of the Cl atoms, the symmetry is broken and the molecule becomes polar. Use as shown to rank the following molecules from the least polar to the most polar: CH2Br2, CF2Cl2, CH2F2, CH2Cl2, CBr4, CF2Br2.
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