19. For each of the following pairs of compounds, determine the relationship between the two compounds OH он но- но- -H H- -OH H- -он H- он но- H- H- -OH но- (а) ČH,OH CHOH (b) ČH,OH ČH,OH (c) (d)

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**Question 19:** For each of the following pairs of compounds, determine the relationship between the two compounds.

**Pairs of Compounds:**

(a) The first pair shows two structural formulas of molecules with the following configuration:
   - Both compounds have three carbon atoms in a vertical line.
   - Each carbon is bonded to hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) groups.
   - The top carbon is also double-bonded to an oxygen.
   - The second carbon has all single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one hydroxyl group.
   - The bottom carbon is bonded to two hydroxyl groups and one hydrogen.
  
(b) This pair is similar to (a) but with a slightly different orientation:
   - Both compounds have a central carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to hydroxyl groups with varying positions of hydrogen.
  
(c) The third pair consists of ring structures:
   - Each compound is a hexagonal ring (cyclohexane).
   - One compound has two chlorine atoms substituents on adjacent carbon atoms.
   - The other compound has the same cyclohexane structure with varying positions of chlorine on different carbon atoms.

(d) The last pair shows a six-membered carbon ring:
   - One compound has a chlorine atom bonded in one position.
   - The other compound has a different bonding configuration with chlorine and methyl groups on alternate carbons.

**Task:** For each pair, determine the relationship between the two structures, such as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, identical compounds, or different structural arrangements.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 19:** For each of the following pairs of compounds, determine the relationship between the two compounds. **Pairs of Compounds:** (a) The first pair shows two structural formulas of molecules with the following configuration: - Both compounds have three carbon atoms in a vertical line. - Each carbon is bonded to hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) groups. - The top carbon is also double-bonded to an oxygen. - The second carbon has all single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one hydroxyl group. - The bottom carbon is bonded to two hydroxyl groups and one hydrogen. (b) This pair is similar to (a) but with a slightly different orientation: - Both compounds have a central carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to hydroxyl groups with varying positions of hydrogen. (c) The third pair consists of ring structures: - Each compound is a hexagonal ring (cyclohexane). - One compound has two chlorine atoms substituents on adjacent carbon atoms. - The other compound has the same cyclohexane structure with varying positions of chlorine on different carbon atoms. (d) The last pair shows a six-membered carbon ring: - One compound has a chlorine atom bonded in one position. - The other compound has a different bonding configuration with chlorine and methyl groups on alternate carbons. **Task:** For each pair, determine the relationship between the two structures, such as constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, identical compounds, or different structural arrangements.
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