19. A cylindrical tank of compressed air has a pressure of 145 atm at 25°C. The maximum pressure the tank can hold is 500. atm. If a fire breaks out in the lab and the cylinder reaches 1000°C, what is its new pressure and status? a. 5800 atm: BOOM! b. 33.9 atm: OK. 619 atm: Run Away! d. 500 atm: On the brink! 172 atm: Whew C. e. 20. Which of the following are a buffer pair in water? a. hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride b. potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide c. potassium hydroxide and potassium chloride d. ammonia and ammonium chloride e. ammonia and water 21. What is the percent by weight of sodium in sodium sulfate? a. 16.2% b. 46.0 % c. 31.4% d. 32.4% e. none of the above
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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