18.2 Which of the following nitrile groups is activated toward nucleophilic attack? ENH 18.1 Draw the mechanism for the reaction below under (a) neutral conditions and (b) basic conditions. Under which conditions do you think the hydration reaction will proceed faster? Why? HO OH + H20 Cyclohexanone Cyclohexanone hydrate

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Q: 17.4 Give the structure of the starting material. NaBH4 OH

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Q: 18. Complete the following stepwise reaction mechanism problems based on the reaction conditions…

A: Welcome to bartleby !

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Q: 2. Draw a detailed mechanism for the following reaction.

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A: The complete synthesis of desogestrel is given below :

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A: Protonation Attack of Nucleophilic and electrophilic center

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A: Mechanism of this reaction is as follows:

Reactions at the Alpha Carbon Atom

The position next to the ketone or aldehyde functional group is termed as alpha position and the reaction which occurs at alpha position is called alpha substitution reaction. In an alpha substitution reaction, the alpha proton atom is substituted by an electrophile by the formation of an enol intermediate or enolate ion intermediate. Most of the carbonyl compounds go through an alpha substitution reaction.