18.17 Diazepam is a prescription medication first marketed under the trade name Valium, and used to treat anxiety disorders. Predict whether the monosubstituted aromatic ring in diazepam is activated or deactivated toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, and predict the strength of the activation/deactivation (strong, moderate, or weak). Finally, predict the directing effects of the substituent on that ring. Diazepam CH3

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Reactions at the Alpha Carbon Atom

The position next to the ketone or aldehyde functional group is termed as alpha position and the reaction which occurs at alpha position is called alpha substitution reaction. In an alpha substitution reaction, the alpha proton atom is substituted by an electrophile by the formation of an enol intermediate or enolate ion intermediate. Most of the carbonyl compounds go through an alpha substitution reaction.