18. The flip-flop circuit in Fig (a) is used to generate a binary count sequence. The gates form a decoder that is supposed to produce a HIGH when a binary zero or a binary three state occurs (00 or 11). When you check the Qa and QB outputs, you get the display shown in part (b), which reveals glitches on the decoder output (X) in addition to the correct pulses. What is causing these glitches, and how can you eliminate them? CLK D D CLK G G2 Glitch Glitch (a) (b)

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Thermistors

A thermistor is a special type of resistor whose resistance is more temperature-dependent than standard resistors.  The resistance of the thermistor decreases with increasing temperature. This is the basic principle of thermistors. This allows the thermistor circuit to detect very small temperature changes that cannot be observed with the Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or the thermocouples. Since the resistance of a thermistor is temperature dependent, it can be connected to an electrical circuit to measure body temperature. This high sensitivity to temperature changes makes thermistors very useful for accurately controlling and calibrating temperature measurements. In general, resistance increases with increasing temperature in most metals, but thermistors react negatively.