(For Questions 17-19 and 20-24). The following data was collected from a clinical trial testing a new drug aimed to lower blood pressure for individuals older than age 45. Half of the 20 participants received the new drug (Treatment = Yes) and the other half of the participants received a placebo pill (Treatment = No). Their age and gender was also recorded. Please use this data for Questions 17-19 and 20-24 and note, not all the information in the table will be used for either problem, you must decide what is relevant based on what the problem is asking.Subject IDTreatmentAgeGenderBP_BeforeBP_AfterD1Yes65F103.380.5D2Yes59F93.685.9D3Yes60M9285.2D4Yes54F9387.8D5Yes65F95.485.3D6Yes57M109.694.2D7Yes69M97.983.9D8Yes62M9685D9Yes49F98.486.3D10Yes45M98.490C1No63F97.493.1C2No56F97.292.4C3No54M98.894.6C4No69M98.492.3C5No75M89.889.3C6No62F103.499.7C7No61F90.188.4C8No59M93.790.4C9No73M96.491.1C10No57F98.690.5 18. Do the results indicate a significant difference between blood pressure before and blood pressure after treatment? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. To answer this question first find the test statistic and the critical value. Test statistic = ?Critical value = ?Reject or Retain the null hypothesis? (Enter "Reject" or "Retain") 19.For the test conducted in problem 18, compute r2 to measure the size of any effect. Indicate whether the effect size are small, medium, or large. r2 = ,? r2 is (Enter small, medium, or large): ?

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Description: (For Questions 17-19 and 20-24). The following data was collected from a clinical trial testing a new drug aimed to lower blood pressure for individuals older than age 45. Half of the 20 participants received the new drug (Treatment = Yes) and the ot

Answered: 18. Do the results indicate a…

Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Student Edition 2015

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Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

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(For Questions 17-19 and 20-24). The following data was collected from a clinical trial testing a new drug aimed to lower blood pressure for individuals older than age 45. Half of the 20 participants received the new drug (Treatment = Yes) and the other half of the participants received a placebo pill (Treatment = No). Their age and gender was also recorded. Please use this data for Questions 17-19 and 20-24 and note, not all the information in the table will be used for either problem, you must decide what is relevant based on what the problem is asking.

Subject ID	Treatment	Age	Gender	BP_Before	BP_After
D1	Yes	65	F	103.3	80.5
D2	Yes	59	F	93.6	85.9
D3	Yes	60	M	92	85.2
D4	Yes	54	F	93	87.8
D5	Yes	65	F	95.4	85.3
D6	Yes	57	M	109.6	94.2
D7	Yes	69	M	97.9	83.9
D8	Yes	62	M	96	85
D9	Yes	49	F	98.4	86.3
D10	Yes	45	M	98.4	90
C1	No	63	F	97.4	93.1
C2	No	56	F	97.2	92.4
C3	No	54	M	98.8	94.6
C4	No	69	M	98.4	92.3
C5	No	75	M	89.8	89.3
C6	No	62	F	103.4	99.7
C7	No	61	F	90.1	88.4
C8	No	59	M	93.7	90.4
C9	No	73	M	96.4	91.1
C10	No	57	F	98.6	90.5

18. Do the results indicate a significant difference between blood pressure before and blood pressure after treatment? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. To answer this question first find the test statistic and the critical value.

Test statistic = ?

Critical value = ?

Reject or Retain the null hypothesis? (Enter "Reject" or "Retain")

19.

For the test conducted in problem 18, compute r² to measure the size of any effect. Indicate whether the effect size are small, medium, or large.

r² = ,?

r² is (Enter small, medium, or large): ?

Expert Solution

Step 1

18.

Let $μ_{d}$ is defined as the mean difference between blood pressure before and blood pressure after treatment. The test is that the results indicate a significant difference between blood pressure before and blood pressure after treatment. The hypothesis is,

Null hypothesis:

$H_{0} : μ_{d} = 0$

Alternative hypothesis:

$H_{1} : μ_{d} \neq 0$

The difference is,

BP_Before	BP_After	Difference
103.3	80.5	22.8
93.6	85.9	7.7
92	85.2	6.8
93	87.8	5.2
95.4	85.3	10.1
109.6	94.2	15.4
97.9	83.9	14
96	85	11
98.4	86.3	12.1
98.4	90	8.4
97.4	93.1	4.3
97.2	92.4	4.8
98.8	94.6	4.2
98.4	92.3	6.1
89.8	89.3	0.5
103.4	99.7	3.7
90.1	88.4	1.7
93.7	90.4	3.3
96.4	91.1	5.3
98.6	90.5	8.1

The descriptive statistics is conducted using EXCEL. The software procedure is given below:

Enter the data.
Select Data > Data Analysis >Descriptive Statistics> OK.
Enter Input Range as Difference(A1:A21) column.
Mark Labels in First Row.
Mark Summary Statistics.
Click OK.

The output using EXCEL is as follows:

From the output, the mean is 7.775, and the standard deviation is 5.3031.

The test statistic is,

$\begin{array}{rcl} t & = & \frac{{\bar{x}}_{d} - μ_{d}}{(\frac{s_{d}}{\sqrt{n}})} \\ = & \frac{7.775 - 0}{(\frac{5.3031}{\sqrt{20}})} \\ = & \frac{7.775}{1.1858} \\ = & 6.5568 \end{array}$

Thus, the test statistic is 6.5568.

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