16.14 A plate-load test was conducted on a sandy soil in which the size of the bearing plate was 610 mm × 610 mm. The ultimate load per unit area (q) for the test was found to be 325.5 kN/m². Estimate the maximum allowable load for a footing of size 1524 mm X1524 mm. Use a factor of safety of 5. 16.15 A plate-load test was conducted on a clay using a circular plate having a diameter of 762 mm. The ultimate load per unit area (q) for the test was found to be 320 kN/m². What should be the maximum allowable load of a column footing having a diameter of 2.5 m? Use a factor of safety of 4.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.