16. Let sample size n = 83. Find P (t <-0.46). %3D Hint: Use the closest degree of freedom. Since the table only provides positive t values, you t = 0.46. look up 40 50 60 80 100 1000 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.123 2.423 2.403 2.390 2.374 2.364 2.330 2.326 2.704 2.678 2.660 2.639 2.626 2.581 2.576 2.971 3.307 3.261 3.232 3.195 3.174 3.098 3.091 3.551 0.679 0.849 1.047 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 0.846 0.845 0.842 0.674 0.841 1.676 1.671 1.292 1.664 1.290 1.282 1.282 1.299 2.009 2.000 1.990 1.984 1.962 1.960 2.109 2.099 2.088 2.081 2.056 2.054 2.937 2.915 2.887 2.871 2.813 2.807 3.496 3.460 3.416 3.390 3.300 3.291 0.46 0.678 0.677 0.675 1.043 1.042 1.037 1.660 1.646 1.645 1.036 One-sided P ? 25 20 .15 .10 .05 .025 .02 L01 005 0025 001 .0005 Two-sided P 50 40 30 .20 .10 .05 .04 .02 .01 005 .002 .001 a. 0.1 < P (t < -0.46) <0.15 b. 0.15 < P (t < -0.46) < 0.2 c. P (t < -0.46) > 0.25 d. P (t <-0.46) < 0.0025

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**Exercise: T-Distribution and Degrees of Freedom**

**Problem 16:**

Given a sample size of \( n = 83 \), find \( P(t < -0.46) \).

**Hint:**

Use the closest degree of freedom. Since the table only provides positive \( t \) values, you should look up \( t = 0.46 \).

**Table Explanation:**

The table shows the critical \( t \)-values for different degrees of freedom (df) at various significance levels. The highlighted column corresponds to a degree of freedom \( df = 80 \).

- Values for one-sided and two-sided tests are provided at common significance levels (e.g., 0.05, 0.01). 
- \( df \) are listed vertically on the left, ranging from 40 to 1000 or more.
  
#### Options for Solution:

a. \( 0.1 < P(t < -0.46) < 0.15 \)

b. \( 0.15 < P(t < -0.46) < 0.2 \)

c. \( P(t < -0.46) > 0.25 \)

d. \( P(t < -0.46) < 0.0025 \)

**Problem 17:**

With a sample size of \( n = 5 \), determine the range where \( P(t < -1.7) \) is bounded.

a. \( 0.05, 0.1 \)

b. \( 0.01, 0.15 \)

c. \( 0.15, 0.2 \)

d. \( 0.2, 0.25 \)

**Problem 18:**

For a sample size of \( n = 1000 \), find the range for \( P(t < -1.7) \).

a. \( 0.025, 0.05 \)

b. \( 0.05, 0.1 \)

c. \( 0.1, 0.15 \)

d. \( 0.15, 0.2 \)

**Discussion: Comparing t Distributions with the z Distribution**

The following questions illustrate the interpretation of degrees of freedom \( (df) \) and critical values for different sample sizes. 

Reference: **Chapter 17 Section - "The t distributions"** (p413)
Transcribed Image Text:**Exercise: T-Distribution and Degrees of Freedom** **Problem 16:** Given a sample size of \( n = 83 \), find \( P(t < -0.46) \). **Hint:** Use the closest degree of freedom. Since the table only provides positive \( t \) values, you should look up \( t = 0.46 \). **Table Explanation:** The table shows the critical \( t \)-values for different degrees of freedom (df) at various significance levels. The highlighted column corresponds to a degree of freedom \( df = 80 \). - Values for one-sided and two-sided tests are provided at common significance levels (e.g., 0.05, 0.01). - \( df \) are listed vertically on the left, ranging from 40 to 1000 or more. #### Options for Solution: a. \( 0.1 < P(t < -0.46) < 0.15 \) b. \( 0.15 < P(t < -0.46) < 0.2 \) c. \( P(t < -0.46) > 0.25 \) d. \( P(t < -0.46) < 0.0025 \) **Problem 17:** With a sample size of \( n = 5 \), determine the range where \( P(t < -1.7) \) is bounded. a. \( 0.05, 0.1 \) b. \( 0.01, 0.15 \) c. \( 0.15, 0.2 \) d. \( 0.2, 0.25 \) **Problem 18:** For a sample size of \( n = 1000 \), find the range for \( P(t < -1.7) \). a. \( 0.025, 0.05 \) b. \( 0.05, 0.1 \) c. \( 0.1, 0.15 \) d. \( 0.15, 0.2 \) **Discussion: Comparing t Distributions with the z Distribution** The following questions illustrate the interpretation of degrees of freedom \( (df) \) and critical values for different sample sizes. Reference: **Chapter 17 Section - "The t distributions"** (p413)
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