15.12) Determine whether each of the following metabolic processes occurs in the cytoplasm (outside of the mitochondria) or in the mitochondria. a) glycolysis cytoplasm b) citric acid cycle mitochondria c) beta oxidation mitochondria d) oxidative phosphorylation mitochondria EXPLANATION: The enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the citric acid cycle, beta-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation are all located in the mitochondria.

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Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,