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14.8 The influence of polarization-mode dispersion can be neglected for data rates up to a few Gb/s for intensity-modulated direct-detection systems. However, for higher rates, PMD can cause intersymbol interference (ISI) in long- span links. The ISI power penalty in decibels for PMD is approximately®5 (At)* y(1 – ?) PisI = 26

14.8 The influence of polarization-mode dispersion can be neglected for data rates up to a few Gb/s for intensity-modulated direct-detection systems. However, for higher rates, PMD can cause intersymbol interference (ISI) in long- span links. The ISI power penalty in decibels for PMD is approximately®5 (At)* y(1 – ?) PisI = 26

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
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### The Influence of Polarization-Mode Dispersion (PMD) on Optical Communication #### 14.8 Understanding PMD Effects Polarization-mode dispersion can typically be neglected for data rates up to a few gigabits per second (Gb/s) in intensity-modulated direct-detection systems. However, for higher data rates, PMD can cause intersymbol interference (ISI) in long-span optical links. The power penalty due to ISI from PMD is approximately given by the equation: \[ P_{\text{ISI}} \approx 26 \frac{\left(\Delta \tau\right)^2 \gamma (1 - \gamma)}{T^2} \] Where: - \( T \) is the bit period (inverse of the bit rate). - \( \gamma \) is the power-splitting ratio between the principal polarization states. - The maximum power penalty occurs when \( \gamma = \frac{1}{2} \). #### Implications and Calculations Typical values of the expected differential group delay are: - 1 picosecond (ps) over a 100-kilometer link. - 10 ps over a 1000-kilometer link. For data rates of 10 and 100 Gb/s, one can calculate the maximum PMD power penalty over these two link distances. This analysis highlights the critical role of PMD in influencing signal quality in optical communication systems, particularly at high data transfer rates and over long distances. Understanding and mitigating PMD effects is essential for optimizing the performance of modern telecommunication networks.
Transcribed Image Text:### The Influence of Polarization-Mode Dispersion (PMD) on Optical Communication #### 14.8 Understanding PMD Effects Polarization-mode dispersion can typically be neglected for data rates up to a few gigabits per second (Gb/s) in intensity-modulated direct-detection systems. However, for higher data rates, PMD can cause intersymbol interference (ISI) in long-span optical links. The power penalty due to ISI from PMD is approximately given by the equation: \[ P_{\text{ISI}} \approx 26 \frac{\left(\Delta \tau\right)^2 \gamma (1 - \gamma)}{T^2} \] Where: - \( T \) is the bit period (inverse of the bit rate). - \( \gamma \) is the power-splitting ratio between the principal polarization states. - The maximum power penalty occurs when \( \gamma = \frac{1}{2} \). #### Implications and Calculations Typical values of the expected differential group delay are: - 1 picosecond (ps) over a 100-kilometer link. - 10 ps over a 1000-kilometer link. For data rates of 10 and 100 Gb/s, one can calculate the maximum PMD power penalty over these two link distances. This analysis highlights the critical role of PMD in influencing signal quality in optical communication systems, particularly at high data transfer rates and over long distances. Understanding and mitigating PMD effects is essential for optimizing the performance of modern telecommunication networks.
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