14. Plot the following price and quantity. Then calculate price elasticity of demand at P8, P-4, and P-2 P 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Q 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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450
EXERCISES
Chapter 20 Elasticity: Demand and Supply
Use the following hypothetical demand schedule for movies
to do exercises 1-4.
Quantity Demanded
100
80
60
40
vigu 20
10
Price
$5
$ 10
$15
$ 20
$25
$30
Elasticity
1. a. Determine the price elasticity of demand at each
quantity demanded using the arc or midpoint
formula: Percentage change in quantity
demanded = (Q₂ Q₁)/Q, divided by percentage
change in price = (P₂ - P₁) /P₁.
b. Redo exercise la using price changes of $10 rather
than $5.
2. Plot the price and quantity data given in the demand
schedule of exercise 1. Put price on the vertical axis and
quantity on the horizontal axis. Indicate the price elas-
ticity value at each quantity demanded. Explain why
the elasticity value gets smaller as you move down the
demand curve.
3. What would a 10 percent increase in the price of movie
tickets mean for the quantity demanded of a movie the-
ater if the price elasticity of demand was 0.1, 0.5, 1.0,
and 5.0?
a. Bread and butter
b. Bread and potatoes
c. Socks and shoes
4. Using the demand curve plotted in exercise 1, illustrate
what would occur if the income elasticity of demand
was 0.05 and income rose by 10 percent. If the income
elasticity of demand was 3.0 and income rose by 10 per-
cent, what would occur?
5. Pick a good whose demand is price elastic. List five sub-
stitutes and five complements. Which is easier to come
up with, the list of substitutes or the list of comple-
ments? Explain.
6. Are the following pairs of goods substitutes or comple-
ments? Indicate whether their cross-price elasticities are
negative or positive.
d. Tennis rackets and golf clubs
e. Bicycles and automobiles
f. Foreign investments and domestic investments
8. Cars made in Japan and cars made in the United
States
7. Explain how consumers will react to a job loss. What
will be the first goods they will do without? What is the
income elasticity of demand for those goods?
8. Calculate the income elasticity of demand from the fol-
lowing data (use the arc or average).
Income
$15,000
$20,000
a. Explain why the value is a positive number.
b. Explain what would happen to a demand curve as
income changes if the income elasticity was 2.0.
Compare that outcome to the situation that would
occur if the income elasticity of demand was 0.2.
9. a. Use the following figure to show what occurs to
price and quantity when supply decreases and
demand is perfectly elastic.
b. Use the figure to show what occurs to price and
quantity when supply increases and demand is per-
fectly inelastic.
Perfectly Inelastic
Demand
A
B
D₂
с
Quantity Demanded
20,000
30,000
S₁
S₂
Perfectly Elastic
Demand
10. Explain why a 40 percent across-the-board tax increase
on businesses might harm consumers.
11. The price elasticity of the demand for gasoline is -0.02.
The price elasticity of demand for gasoline at Joe's 66
station is -1.2. Explain what might account for the dif-
ferent elasticities.
12. The cross-price elasticity of the demand for cell phones
and DVDs is 1.2. Explain. The cross-price elasticity of
the demand for the iPod and DVDs is -1.4. Explain.
13. Using the following equation for the demand for a good
or service, calculate the price elasticity of demand
(using the point form), cross-price elasticity with good
x, and income elasticity.
Q=8-2P+0.101 + P
Qis quantity demanded, P is the product price, Px
is the price of a related good, and I is income. Assume
that P= $10, I = 100, and P, = 20.
14. Plot the following price and quantity. Then calculate
price elasticity of demand at P = 8, P = 4, and P = 2.
P
Q
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
desd
Chapter 20 Elasticity: Demand and Supply
0
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
451
15. The FICA tax is the Social Security tax plus Medicare.
It is levied on both the employer and employee. Until
2011, each paid an equal 7.65 percent of the employee's
salary. In 2011 the share levied on the employee was
reduced. Illustrate who actually pays the tax when price
elasticity of demand is elastic and price elasticity of sup-
ply is inelastic.
16. Who would pay a tax imposed on the supplier when
the price elasticity of supply is inelastic and the price
elasticity of demand is elastic?
Transcribed Image Text:450 EXERCISES Chapter 20 Elasticity: Demand and Supply Use the following hypothetical demand schedule for movies to do exercises 1-4. Quantity Demanded 100 80 60 40 vigu 20 10 Price $5 $ 10 $15 $ 20 $25 $30 Elasticity 1. a. Determine the price elasticity of demand at each quantity demanded using the arc or midpoint formula: Percentage change in quantity demanded = (Q₂ Q₁)/Q, divided by percentage change in price = (P₂ - P₁) /P₁. b. Redo exercise la using price changes of $10 rather than $5. 2. Plot the price and quantity data given in the demand schedule of exercise 1. Put price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis. Indicate the price elas- ticity value at each quantity demanded. Explain why the elasticity value gets smaller as you move down the demand curve. 3. What would a 10 percent increase in the price of movie tickets mean for the quantity demanded of a movie the- ater if the price elasticity of demand was 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0? a. Bread and butter b. Bread and potatoes c. Socks and shoes 4. Using the demand curve plotted in exercise 1, illustrate what would occur if the income elasticity of demand was 0.05 and income rose by 10 percent. If the income elasticity of demand was 3.0 and income rose by 10 per- cent, what would occur? 5. Pick a good whose demand is price elastic. List five sub- stitutes and five complements. Which is easier to come up with, the list of substitutes or the list of comple- ments? Explain. 6. Are the following pairs of goods substitutes or comple- ments? Indicate whether their cross-price elasticities are negative or positive. d. Tennis rackets and golf clubs e. Bicycles and automobiles f. Foreign investments and domestic investments 8. Cars made in Japan and cars made in the United States 7. Explain how consumers will react to a job loss. What will be the first goods they will do without? What is the income elasticity of demand for those goods? 8. Calculate the income elasticity of demand from the fol- lowing data (use the arc or average). Income $15,000 $20,000 a. Explain why the value is a positive number. b. Explain what would happen to a demand curve as income changes if the income elasticity was 2.0. Compare that outcome to the situation that would occur if the income elasticity of demand was 0.2. 9. a. Use the following figure to show what occurs to price and quantity when supply decreases and demand is perfectly elastic. b. Use the figure to show what occurs to price and quantity when supply increases and demand is per- fectly inelastic. Perfectly Inelastic Demand A B D₂ с Quantity Demanded 20,000 30,000 S₁ S₂ Perfectly Elastic Demand 10. Explain why a 40 percent across-the-board tax increase on businesses might harm consumers. 11. The price elasticity of the demand for gasoline is -0.02. The price elasticity of demand for gasoline at Joe's 66 station is -1.2. Explain what might account for the dif- ferent elasticities. 12. The cross-price elasticity of the demand for cell phones and DVDs is 1.2. Explain. The cross-price elasticity of the demand for the iPod and DVDs is -1.4. Explain. 13. Using the following equation for the demand for a good or service, calculate the price elasticity of demand (using the point form), cross-price elasticity with good x, and income elasticity. Q=8-2P+0.101 + P Qis quantity demanded, P is the product price, Px is the price of a related good, and I is income. Assume that P= $10, I = 100, and P, = 20. 14. Plot the following price and quantity. Then calculate price elasticity of demand at P = 8, P = 4, and P = 2. P Q 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 desd Chapter 20 Elasticity: Demand and Supply 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 451 15. The FICA tax is the Social Security tax plus Medicare. It is levied on both the employer and employee. Until 2011, each paid an equal 7.65 percent of the employee's salary. In 2011 the share levied on the employee was reduced. Illustrate who actually pays the tax when price elasticity of demand is elastic and price elasticity of sup- ply is inelastic. 16. Who would pay a tax imposed on the supplier when the price elasticity of supply is inelastic and the price elasticity of demand is elastic?
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