14. (Enthalpy and entropy of reaction from AH°; and S°) Given the following reaction 4HCI(g) + O2(g) → 2CI2(g) + 2H2O(g) AH°, kJ/mol: HCI(g) (-92.31), H2O(g) (-241.8) S°, J/mol-K: HCI(g) (186.8), O2(g) (205), Cl2(g) (223.0), H2O(g) (188.7) a. Determine AH°rn (in kJ/mol) and ASºxn (in J/mol·K) for the reaction below at 25°C using the given AH°t and S° values. b. Determine AG° (in kJ/mol) at 25°C and 1 atm and identify whether the reaction is spontaneous on the forward direction, spontaneous on the backward direction, or in equilibrium. c. Is the forward reaction spontaneous at lower temperatures, spontaneous at higher temperatures, spontaneous at all temperatures, or nonspontaneous at all temperatures? Explain briefly.
14. (Enthalpy and entropy of reaction from AH°; and S°) Given the following reaction 4HCI(g) + O2(g) → 2CI2(g) + 2H2O(g) AH°, kJ/mol: HCI(g) (-92.31), H2O(g) (-241.8) S°, J/mol-K: HCI(g) (186.8), O2(g) (205), Cl2(g) (223.0), H2O(g) (188.7) a. Determine AH°rn (in kJ/mol) and ASºxn (in J/mol·K) for the reaction below at 25°C using the given AH°t and S° values. b. Determine AG° (in kJ/mol) at 25°C and 1 atm and identify whether the reaction is spontaneous on the forward direction, spontaneous on the backward direction, or in equilibrium. c. Is the forward reaction spontaneous at lower temperatures, spontaneous at higher temperatures, spontaneous at all temperatures, or nonspontaneous at all temperatures? Explain briefly.
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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14please answer and refer to the periodic table
Transcribed Image Text:14. (Enthalpy and entropy of reaction from AH°; and S°) Given the following reaction
4HCI(g) + O2(g) → 2CI2(g) + 2H2O(g)
AH°, kJ/mol: HCI(g) (-92.31), H2O(g) (-241.8)
S°, J/mol-K: HCI(g) (186.8), O2(g) (205), Cl2(g) (223.0), H2O(g) (188.7)
a. Determine AH°rn (in kJ/mol) and ASºxn (in J/mol·K) for the reaction below at 25°C
using the given AH°t and S° values.
b. Determine AG° (in kJ/mol) at 25°C and 1 atm and identify whether the reaction is
spontaneous on the forward direction, spontaneous on the backward direction,
or in equilibrium.
c. Is the forward reaction spontaneous at lower temperatures, spontaneous at
higher temperatures, spontaneous at all temperatures, or nonspontaneous at all
temperatures? Explain briefly.
![18
Periodic Table of the Elements
VIIIA
Не
gen
2
13
14
15
16
17
IUPAC group
CAS group
1.008
HA
IIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIA
4.003
10
Li Be
Atomic number
Symbol
Relative atomic mass
DOE 10.1515/pac-2015-03os
B CN
F
Ne
Lhum
Beum
Carton
Ogen
Name
6.94
9.012
10.81 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
11
Na Mg
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
s Ci Ar
Mag
22.990 24.305
Sodum
10
11
12
sur
gan
35.45 39.948
Corne
VB
VIB
VIIB
26.982 28.085 30.974 32.06
VIB-
27
Co
VB
IB
19
20
21
23
25
26
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
к Са
Sc Ti V
Cr Mn Fe
Ni Cu Zn
Ga Ge As
Se Br Kr
Caum
Sandum
Comm Mengan
Cohat
Nice
Copper
Selem
nton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
46
39
Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Tc
Molybdenum enetum thenium
Pd Ag Cd
In
Sn Sb
Ru Rh
Te
Хе
udum
Donum
Num
hedum
adum
Se
Cadium
Telurum
enon
85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95
(97) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
86
At Rn
S6
57-71
78
72
73
Hf
74
75
Re
w
76
77
79
80
81
82
83
TI Pb
84
85
Cs
Та
178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 [209] (210] (222]
Ва
Os
Ir
Pt Au Hg
Bi
Po
aum
um
God
ad
Polonium
Atatine
don
132.91 137.33
106
109
112
115
118
87
88
89-103 104
105
107
108
110
111
113
114
116
117
Fr Ra
nancum
Rf Db Sg
Ds Rg
FL Mc Lv
Bh
Hs
Mt
Cn
Nh
Ts
Og
cape
|[267] [268] [269] [270] [269] [278] [281] [282] [285]
uertrdum
Seaborgia
esine
[223] [226]
[286] [289] [290] [293] [294] [294]
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Lanthanide La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu
Series au
Gd Tb Dy
Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerm
romethum
Samarim
turopium
Gadlim
Dypo
ebium
Luetum
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
102
97
Bk Cf
98
99
Es
100
101
103
Actinide Ac Th
Ра
Np
Pu Am Cm
Fm Md No
Lr
Series
Actum
Therium
Bertelum
caifornium
Entum
Protactinium
Uraum
Netunium
Putonium
Curium
Peum
[227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 [237] [244] (243)
[247]
[247]
[251]
[252]
[257]
[258] (259] (266]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Feda88112-d454-4295-8e5a-3fe24b5406fc%2F7feb0f26-4bb5-4768-b912-5ccfc7b36a3f%2Fec86fth_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:18
Periodic Table of the Elements
VIIIA
Не
gen
2
13
14
15
16
17
IUPAC group
CAS group
1.008
HA
IIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIA
4.003
10
Li Be
Atomic number
Symbol
Relative atomic mass
DOE 10.1515/pac-2015-03os
B CN
F
Ne
Lhum
Beum
Carton
Ogen
Name
6.94
9.012
10.81 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
11
Na Mg
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
s Ci Ar
Mag
22.990 24.305
Sodum
10
11
12
sur
gan
35.45 39.948
Corne
VB
VIB
VIIB
26.982 28.085 30.974 32.06
VIB-
27
Co
VB
IB
19
20
21
23
25
26
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
к Са
Sc Ti V
Cr Mn Fe
Ni Cu Zn
Ga Ge As
Se Br Kr
Caum
Sandum
Comm Mengan
Cohat
Nice
Copper
Selem
nton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
46
39
Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
37
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Tc
Molybdenum enetum thenium
Pd Ag Cd
In
Sn Sb
Ru Rh
Te
Хе
udum
Donum
Num
hedum
adum
Se
Cadium
Telurum
enon
85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95
(97) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
86
At Rn
S6
57-71
78
72
73
Hf
74
75
Re
w
76
77
79
80
81
82
83
TI Pb
84
85
Cs
Та
178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 [209] (210] (222]
Ва
Os
Ir
Pt Au Hg
Bi
Po
aum
um
God
ad
Polonium
Atatine
don
132.91 137.33
106
109
112
115
118
87
88
89-103 104
105
107
108
110
111
113
114
116
117
Fr Ra
nancum
Rf Db Sg
Ds Rg
FL Mc Lv
Bh
Hs
Mt
Cn
Nh
Ts
Og
cape
|[267] [268] [269] [270] [269] [278] [281] [282] [285]
uertrdum
Seaborgia
esine
[223] [226]
[286] [289] [290] [293] [294] [294]
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Lanthanide La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu
Series au
Gd Tb Dy
Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerm
romethum
Samarim
turopium
Gadlim
Dypo
ebium
Luetum
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
102
97
Bk Cf
98
99
Es
100
101
103
Actinide Ac Th
Ра
Np
Pu Am Cm
Fm Md No
Lr
Series
Actum
Therium
Bertelum
caifornium
Entum
Protactinium
Uraum
Netunium
Putonium
Curium
Peum
[227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 [237] [244] (243)
[247]
[247]
[251]
[252]
[257]
[258] (259] (266]
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