13. FILE À study of 200 advertising firms Income after Taxes Number of Firms Under $1 million 102 $1 million to $20 million 61 37 $20 million or more a. What is the probability an advertising firm selected at random has under $1 million in income after taxes? b. What is the probability an advertising firm selected at random has either an in- come between $1 million and $20 million, or an income of $20 million or more? le of probahility was annlied?

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Q: We study endurance in marathon runners and sprinters. We calculate a z-score for the difference…

A: Introduction Hypothesis is an assumption that is being tested.

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A: Here I am attaching image so that you understand each and every step.

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A: We can solve given problem by using G.P series.

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A: We need to find lower and upper estimate.

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A: The circumference of a circle with radius r is 2πr.

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Contingency Table

A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.

Binomial Distribution

Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.