13. Aphids (bug that feeds by sucking sap from plants) make a secretion called honeydew thatants feed upon, and the ants protect the aphids from predators.A) commensalismB) mutualismC) predationD) Parasitism14. A glacier has retreated from a valley in Glacier National Park, leaving a pile of rocks knownas moraine. The type of succession expected in this ecosystem would beA) primaryB) secondaryC) transitionalD) Equilibrium

Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any specific question to be solved, then please specify the question number or post only that question.All the organisms co-existing in the ecosystem interact with each other. The interaction among individuals or populations of two species is called interspecific interaction. The interspecific interactions may have a positive, neutral, or negative effect. When both of the interacting species have benefited from one another, it is called Mutualism. It is a symbiotic association wherein both partners derive advantage. The relationship between aphids and ants is one example of this kind of interaction. The ants acquire nourishment from the secretion produced by the aphids- honeydew. In return, the ants safeguard the aphids from predators. Hence, the correct answer is option B. Incorrect option A: In this interaction, one species is benefited, while the other species remain unaffected. Incorrect option C: Predation is an interaction wherein a predator consumes the prey. Incorrect option D: It is a type of interaction where one partner- parasite, derives nourishment from the other partner- host. The host is harmed, while the parasite is benefited.