12. When Mendel performed his famous dihybrid cross by starting with a parental lines of peas that was homozygous for yellow and round alleles (YYRR) and another line that was homozygous for green and wrinkled alleles (yyrr), he obtained the following data from the F2 generation. F2 Phenotype Yellow, Round (Y-R-) Yellow, Wrinkled (Y- rr) Green, Round (yy R-) Green, Wrinkled (yy mr) Total Observed Count 315 101 108 32 556 Expected Count 556 Let's test whether these data are consistent with Mendel's interpretation of independent assortment. i. Under the null hypothesis of independent assortment, what would be the expected counts for each F2 phenotype in Mendel's experiment? Enter your answers in the table above. You should round your expected counts to the nearest whole number. ii. Use the above data to calculate a x² statistic to test the null hypothesis of independent assortment. Show your calculations.

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.