12. Let us consider another artificial case. Now only sodium channels open. Potassium channels are closed. Indicate sodium ion distribution across the cell membrane. Why sodium concentration inside the cell does not get equal to the sodium concentration outside the cell over time? Explain the mechanism on the microscopic level. Explain the mechanism on the macroseopic level using voltage across the cell membrane.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.