115. A column 300mm x 400mm is reinforced with 6-25mm bars. What would be the maximum tie spacing if the tie bar diameter used is 12mm? a. 400 c. 500 b. 576 d. None of the above 116. If the column used in a poultry dressing plant is a 400 x 400 mm and having 8- 16mm reinforcing bars, determine the recommended concrete cover? a. 20mm c. 50mm b. 40mm d. 75mm

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Introduction to Engineering Design

Students are often confused with engineering and design. The term engineering design has two words with different meanings, engineering, and design. The term engineering implies applications of laws and principles of science to design and analyze physical structures and components. In civil engineering, students apply the concept of physics and chemistry to design and build structures and buildings. In engineering disciplines, the term design means determining the dimensions, loads, and associated influences on the component due to the applied loads such as stresses and deformations. The estimation of such parameters is crucial to make the component or structure foolproof.