11.A 10 mile section of continuously welded train rail was laid in such that it was in zero strain state at 120°C. It is anchored on both ends. (A) On the coldest winter day, estimate (i.e., calculate) what is the length of the train track? Show your work and explain your reasoning. (B) What type of mechanical deformation does this rail experience from a hot day to a cold day? Explain your choice. (C)What is the microscopic mechanism that explains this difference (i.e., what is happening to the microstructure of the material?

Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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11.A 10 mile section of continuously welded train rail was laid in such that it was in
zero strain state at 120°C. It is anchored on both ends.
(A) On the coldest winter day, estimate (i.e., calculate) what is the length of the
train track? Show your work and explain your reasoning.
(B) What type of mechanical deformation does this rail experience from a hot day
to a cold day? Explain your choice.
(C)What is the microscopic mechanism that explains this difference (i.e., what is
happening to the microstructure of the material?
Transcribed Image Text:11.A 10 mile section of continuously welded train rail was laid in such that it was in zero strain state at 120°C. It is anchored on both ends. (A) On the coldest winter day, estimate (i.e., calculate) what is the length of the train track? Show your work and explain your reasoning. (B) What type of mechanical deformation does this rail experience from a hot day to a cold day? Explain your choice. (C)What is the microscopic mechanism that explains this difference (i.e., what is happening to the microstructure of the material?
Va
D = D,exp(-)
APF =
O =
E = [ F dr
E = E, + ER
2P
Mw
PDI =
MN
HB -
DD- VD? -
IC = 100(1 –e-0.25(KA¬X»}^2)
M, = E x.M,
dC
J= -D
dx
3
M,
DP =
N.
= exp .T
m
LD = "atoms
L.
Mw =Ew, M.
#atoms
PD =A
TRSS = ocosecosA
o = Ee
a, = 0, + k,d7
V, =r
%CW =
• 100
A.
Acircle = r?
uz uz + v, v2 + w,w2
(u + vỷ + w¿)/už + vž + wž
-Eper
= cos-
Epar
dF
F
dR.
Ag
D = Doexp-RT
F
O =
A
-2y
r* =
AG,
TS (MPa) = 3.45 . HB
16ry
AG +=
3(AG,*)
TS(psi) = 500 . HB
ΔΙ
-2yTm
r* =
AH,
Tm
E = In
%EL =
x100
m
AL
CAT
CN =
Ta
scrystallinity" Pa(P-PA)
Pe(Ps-PA)
Ps(Pe-PA)
x 100
V = 1•R
C- Co - 1- erf o)
C, - Co
RA
p=T
Some Young's moduli
(GPa)
Aluminum 69
Brass
Steel
Gold
100
200
74
Rubber
0.01
Some linear
coefficients of thermal
expansion (in 10-
®m/m°C)
Aluminum
Brass
Steel
Gold
Rubber
21-21
18-19
10-12.5
14
80
Transcribed Image Text:Va D = D,exp(-) APF = O = E = [ F dr E = E, + ER 2P Mw PDI = MN HB - DD- VD? - IC = 100(1 –e-0.25(KA¬X»}^2) M, = E x.M, dC J= -D dx 3 M, DP = N. = exp .T m LD = "atoms L. Mw =Ew, M. #atoms PD =A TRSS = ocosecosA o = Ee a, = 0, + k,d7 V, =r %CW = • 100 A. Acircle = r? uz uz + v, v2 + w,w2 (u + vỷ + w¿)/už + vž + wž -Eper = cos- Epar dF F dR. Ag D = Doexp-RT F O = A -2y r* = AG, TS (MPa) = 3.45 . HB 16ry AG += 3(AG,*) TS(psi) = 500 . HB ΔΙ -2yTm r* = AH, Tm E = In %EL = x100 m AL CAT CN = Ta scrystallinity" Pa(P-PA) Pe(Ps-PA) Ps(Pe-PA) x 100 V = 1•R C- Co - 1- erf o) C, - Co RA p=T Some Young's moduli (GPa) Aluminum 69 Brass Steel Gold 100 200 74 Rubber 0.01 Some linear coefficients of thermal expansion (in 10- ®m/m°C) Aluminum Brass Steel Gold Rubber 21-21 18-19 10-12.5 14 80
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