11.5 Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking. What soil type(s) are vulnerable to liquefaction? • Dense and dry sandy soil Loose, water-saturated sandy soil Clay . . Uncompacted (low-density) fill, having high water content Fractured rock

Q: A 1.2 meter-thick strata of sand has a void ratio of 1.81. A contractor passes a vibratory roller…

A: Given, Ho = 1.2 m  eo = 1.81 e = 1.23

Q: A soil mass above a certain depth becomes unstable when there is a negative effective stress at the…

A: a) True  the soil becomes unstable if the effective stress is negative because the strength of the…

Q: 3. The soil profile at a site for a proposed building is shown in the following figure. The density…

A: Given Data: The data is given as: Over consolidated ratio of clay(OCR)=1.5Initial void…

Q: A clay layer 3m deep is sandwiched by a pervious material. The soil reaches 90% consolidation in 3…

A: Depth of clay layer = 3 m% consolidation in 3 years = 90 %To Find :The time taken by this layer to…

Q: A 3 meter thick clay layer (pore water flowing in both directions) saturated with water loaded with…

A: The answer is found to be Coefficient of consolidation Cv=0.01272 m^2/day  For explanation please…

Q: Determine the overconsolidation ratio at 2m, 6m and 20m depth below ground level.

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Q: A soil profile consists of a sand layer 2m thick, whose top is the ground surface, and a clay layer…

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Q: a. How long will it take for 50% settlement to occur? Cv = 0.002 cm2 /sec. b. How long will it…

A: Given: consolidated clay layer = 3m = 300cm settlement  =  80 mm Cv = 0.002 cm2

Q: Problem 10: A 3-m thick, doubly-drained saturated stratum of clay is under a surcharge loading that…

A: The thickness of clay layer = 3m Time for consolidation = 75 days = 75*24*60*60 =6480000 Percentage…

Q: Explain the difference between primary and secondary consolidation of soil.

A: Primary and secondary soil consolidation are different phases that happen over time when soil is…

Q: A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

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Q: A clay layer with two-way drainage reached 75% consolidationin t years. How long would it take for…

A: To find time required for the soil to consolidate 75%

Q: The shear strength of unsaturated soils can be represented by the extended Mohr-Coulomb failure…

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Q: Assume a deep deposit of normally consolidated clay. Which of the following processes or actions…

A: Normally consolidated clay has experienced sufficient time and pressure to attain a stable state.…

Q: For the previous problem, calculate the OCR and OCM for the midpoint of the clay layer prior to fill…

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Q: 1.In an oedometer test a specimen of saturated clay 19 mm thick reaches 50% consolidation in 20 min.…

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.