103 Supercritical fluid 102 Liquid 3 10 Solid 1 2 10-1 1 Gas 10-2 10-3 10-4 -200 -100 100 Temperature (°C) A Figure 11.30 Phase diagram of CH4. Note that a linear scale is used to represent temperature and a logarithmic scale to represent pressure. Pressure (atm)
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Use the phase diagram for methane, CH4, shown in Figure
11.30 to answer the following questions. (a) What are the
approximate temperature and pressure of the critical point?
(b) What are the approximate temperature and pressure of
the triple point? (c) Is methane a solid, liquid, or gas at 1
atm and 0 °C? (d) If solid methane at 1 atm is heated while
the pressure is held constant, will it melt or sublime?
(e) If methane at 1 atm and 0 °C is compressed until a phase
change occurs, in which state is the methane when the
compression is complete?
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