10. Which of the following types of learning would Patient SM likely struggle with?a.Learning to associate an electric shock with a lightb.Learning to press a touchscreen to receive a piece of candyc.Learning the names of many new individualsd.Learning how to use the controller for a video game consolee.None of these

10. Urbach-Wiethe illness is a rare genetic ailment that affects SM (SM-046). This condition devastated either section of her amygdala in late childhood, which would be made up of two almond-shaped structures on either side of the brain. The woman has no fear as a result of her brain impairment.When there is ambiguity or uncertainty, the amygdala neurons respond the greatest. Humans are very adept at educating one other about important aspects of the world by following each other's gaze, a technique known as shared or joint attention. These thoughts helped to refine the working hypothesis: amygdala circuits may direct spatial attention to human eyes when it's necessary to learn about possible threats and rewards, i.e., anything important that could affect the body's physiological state in the future, a process known as allostasis. In this view, startling dangers and rewards – called prediction errors– work as solid educating signals for learning the esteem of sensory signals. The amygdala shows up to be vital for alarming the rest of the brain when to memorize from these signals and upgrade its inner model to way better predict salient occasions within the future. Furthermore, action potentials in amygdala neurons, recorded when people see faces, are as well slow to be responses to bottom-up visual information sent from the visual cortex, and instead may signal the rest of the brain to memorize expectation mistakes that progress its capacity to foresee forward in time and space.Answer: S.M. is fearless in a variety of settings, including watching horror films, travelling through a haunted house, and seeing live snakes and spiders. She, on the other hand, experiences tremendous terror while breathing air with high levels of carbon dioxide, which causes her to become oxygen-depleted; She also spontaneously recalls feeling dread and worry in her daily life. S.M., on the other hand, is unable to learn that a neutral, visual cue predicts a small threat like an electric shock, despite having seen their coupling numerous times (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning). S.M., on the other hand, can learn fear in ordinary life through simple association if the threats are severe enough. So, here the answer is the option "a" Learning to associate an electric shock with a light.