(10) Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are Q₁ 20-P₁+P₂ and Q₂ = 20+ P₁-P₂ where P₁ and P₂ are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q₁ and Q₂ are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs are zero. a. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its price.) b. Suppose Firm 1 sets its price first and then Firm 2 sets its price. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? c. Suppose you are one of these firms and that there are three ways you could play the game: (i) Both firms set price at the same time; (ii) You set price first; or (iii) Your competitor sets price first. If you could choose among these options, which would you prefer? Explain why.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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(10) Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are
Q₁ = 20 P₁+ P₂ and Q₂ = 20+ P₁-P₂
where P₁ and P₂ are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q₁ and Q₂
are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the
difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could
make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs
are zero.
a. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash
equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what
will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its
price.)
b. Suppose Firm 1 sets its price first and then Firm 2 sets its price. What price will
each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be?
c. Suppose you are one of these firms and that there are three ways you could play
the game: (i) Both firms set price at the same time; (ii) You set price first; or (iii)
Your competitor sets price first. If you could choose among these options, which
would you prefer? Explain why.
Transcribed Image Text:(10) Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are Q₁ = 20 P₁+ P₂ and Q₂ = 20+ P₁-P₂ where P₁ and P₂ are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q₁ and Q₂ are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs are zero. a. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its price.) b. Suppose Firm 1 sets its price first and then Firm 2 sets its price. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? c. Suppose you are one of these firms and that there are three ways you could play the game: (i) Both firms set price at the same time; (ii) You set price first; or (iii) Your competitor sets price first. If you could choose among these options, which would you prefer? Explain why.
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