10 MC ATC 4 2 MR D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity (units per year) Price and costs (dollars per unit)

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN:9780190931919
Author:NEWNAN
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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For the unregulated, single-price monopoly shown in the figure above, when its profit is maximized, output will be

The graph illustrates a typical microeconomic cost and pricing structure, depicting several key curves. The x-axis represents quantity (units per year), while the y-axis represents price and costs (dollars per unit).

### Key Curves:

1. **D (Demand Curve):**
   - Slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as price decreases, quantity demanded increases.

2. **MR (Marginal Revenue Curve):**
   - Lies below the demand curve and also slopes downward. This indicates the additional revenue generated from selling an additional unit decreases as more units are sold.

3. **MC (Marginal Cost Curve):**
   - Initially decreases, reaching a minimum, and then increases. This curve shows the cost of producing an additional unit of output.

4. **ATC (Average Total Cost Curve):**
   - U-shaped, reflecting economies and diseconomies of scale. The cost per unit decreases, reaches a minimum, and then increases as production expands.

### Points of Intersection:

- The intersection of MR and MC indicates the profit-maximizing output level, where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
- The intersection of MC and ATC is the point of productive efficiency, where average total cost is minimized.
- The intersection of the demand curve (D) with other curves indicates different pricing and cost levels for varying quantities produced.

Overall, this graph helps in understanding how a firm determines output levels, pricing decisions, and the balance between production cost and revenue.
Transcribed Image Text:The graph illustrates a typical microeconomic cost and pricing structure, depicting several key curves. The x-axis represents quantity (units per year), while the y-axis represents price and costs (dollars per unit). ### Key Curves: 1. **D (Demand Curve):** - Slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as price decreases, quantity demanded increases. 2. **MR (Marginal Revenue Curve):** - Lies below the demand curve and also slopes downward. This indicates the additional revenue generated from selling an additional unit decreases as more units are sold. 3. **MC (Marginal Cost Curve):** - Initially decreases, reaching a minimum, and then increases. This curve shows the cost of producing an additional unit of output. 4. **ATC (Average Total Cost Curve):** - U-shaped, reflecting economies and diseconomies of scale. The cost per unit decreases, reaches a minimum, and then increases as production expands. ### Points of Intersection: - The intersection of MR and MC indicates the profit-maximizing output level, where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. - The intersection of MC and ATC is the point of productive efficiency, where average total cost is minimized. - The intersection of the demand curve (D) with other curves indicates different pricing and cost levels for varying quantities produced. Overall, this graph helps in understanding how a firm determines output levels, pricing decisions, and the balance between production cost and revenue.
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